enzymes Flashcards
what are enzymes
proteins which are biological catalysts (speed up chemical reactions)
they are specific and catalyse only one reaction
why can enzymes only catalyse one reaction
they have a specific shaped active site which only fits a specific substrate
what is the difference between -ase and -ose
-ase is enzymes
-ose is sugars
what enzyme breaks down proteins
protease
what enzyme breaks down carbohydrates
carbohydrase
what enzyme breaks down lipids
lipase
induced fit theory
The active site approximately fits the substrate and flexes slightly to fit the substrate after bonding
synthesis of substrates
two substrates join together in an enzyme substrate complex, forming a single product
digestion/breakdown of substrates
one substrate splits apart in an enzyme substrate complex, forming 2 products
why do some bacteria/fungi release enzymes into their surroundings
to digest large biological molecules which can diffuse across the cell surface membrane into the organism
what is a substrate
the molecule which bonds with the enzyme to form new products
what is a denatured enzyme
an enzyme which has permanently changed shape due to high pH or temperature. the active site no longer fits the substrate
Experiment to show oxygen production during the degradation of hydrogen peroxide
Set up apparatus to collect gas from a conical flask
Mix potato juice and hydrogen peroxide in the flask
Oxygen will collect in the measuring cylinder
THIS IS DUE TO POTATO JUICE CONTAINING CATSLASE
benedict’s test
REDUCING SUGARS
-Mix food substance with benedict’s solution and place in 75’C water
-Blue = no reducing sugar
Red = large amount of reducing sugar
Biuret’s test
PROTEINS
-Biuret solution is potassium hydroxide and copper sulphate
-Darker colour = more protein
Ethanol Emulsion test
LIPIDS (fats & oils)
-Mix food with ethanol and shake.
transfer some solution to water and shake again
-Fats & oils dissolve in ethanol but not water
-Droplets of fat & ethanol should separate from the water
units of rate of reaction
cm*3/second
