health and disease Flashcards
health definition (WHO)
a state of physical mental and social wellbeing
what are pathogens
diseases you can catch, ie infections diseases.
the 5 types of pathogen are…
Bacteria
Virus
Fung
Protists
Worms
Give an example of a bacteria pathogen:
salmonella
cholera
TB
stomach ulcers
Give an example of a fungal pathogen :
Athlete’s foot
chalara dieback (ash trees)
Give an example of a protist pathogen:
Malaria
what are viruses?
-not alive
-can’t replicate on their own
-parasites-need a host cell
-insert their DNA into host cells to duplicate
-have a protein coat/capsule that contains genetic info
what is lysozyme?
a bacteria destroying enzyme found in tears and saliva
what are lymphocytes
white blood cells that recognise antigens on a specific pathogen
what do lymphocytes do?
release antibodies to kill the pathogen or to label the pathogen to be ingested by a phagocyte
what is a phagocyte
a cell that kills and digests pathogens.
it has a multi lobed nucleus to squeeze through capillaries
what are memory b lymphocytes?
b lymphocytes that are left behind after the pathogen dies. they allow for a fast secondary immune response in case the host is re-infected
How is Immunisation performed on a patient
giving a patient immunity to a pathogen through producing b lymphocytes. usually done by vaccination
what does the liver do
break down toxic substances (ethanol in alcohol, aldehyde, etc)
what liver disease does alcohol abuse cause
cirrhosis - scarring of the liver
causes of obesity
diet high in saturated fats, sugars
too little exercise
why is waist to hip > BMI
bmi doesn’t account for muscle
causes of Cardiovascular disease
smoking
diabetes
high blood pressure
obesity
blood clot to brain results in
stroke
blood clot to heart results in
heart attack
what are statins
Drugs which prevent enzymes from bonding with substrates (which produces cholesterol)
antihypertensives are
-pills which reduce blood pressure
-HYPERTENSION is when a high BP leads to artery tears and fat buildup in the tears
-can result in headaches due to low BP
anticoagulants are
-drugs which prevent blood clots in arteries
-REDUCE ALL CLOTTING all wounds bleed excessively
-taken for life
-internal bleeding is deadly
stents are
-metal cage inflated by a balloon to squash fat buildup in arteries
-surgery is non invasive (minor)
-risks from surgery
coronary bypass surgery is
-blocked arteries are replaced by other arteries from the body
-invasive surgery
-often need lifelong medication after
risks of heart transplant
-MAJOR surgery
-hard to find a donor
-heart needs to be a tissue match
-immunosuppressant drugs taken for life
herd immunity says
if enough people are vaccinated (~90%) they provide barriers to prevent spread of pathogens
Pros and cons of statins
Reduce chance of fat buildup in arteries
Can result in liver/kidney damage and muscle pain
