plants

Question 1

stomata

Answer 1

microscopic pores that allows CO2 to enter the leaf and O2 to escape

Question 2

xylem

Answer 2

The xylem transports water and minerals from the roots up the plant stem and into the leaves.

Question 3

phloem

Answer 3

Phloem moves sugar that the plant has produced by photosynthesis to where it is needed for processes such as:

• growing parts of the plant for immediate use
• storage organs such as bulbs and tubers
• developing seeds
• respiration

Question 4

root hair cells

Answer 4

The root hairs are where most water absorption happens. They are long and thin so they can penetrate between soil particles and they have a large surface area for absorption of water.

Question 5

where photosynthesis happens

Answer 5

in the chloroplasts

Question 6

chloroplasts

Answer 6

contains chlorophyll which traps energy transferred by light

Question 7

guard cells

Answer 7

open and close the stomata

Question 8

equation for sunlight

Answer 8

_____________sunlight
CO2 + H2O ————–> glucose + O2
_____________chlorophyll

Question 9

palisade cell

Answer 9

located on the top of the leaf
contains lots of chloroplasts to photosynthesise

Question 10

transpiration

Answer 10

brings water to the leaf which is required for photosynthesis

Question 11

4 factors that effect transpiration

Answer 11

wind - moves water molecules away from the outside of the leaf
low humidity - little water vapour in the air
high temperature - particles move faster and so diffuse faster
light intensity - makes stomata wider

Question 12

xylem cell adaptations

Answer 12

tiny pores to allow water and mineral ions to enter and leave the xylem vessel

lack of cell walls between cell walls to increase water flow

made of dead cells to allow water to flow through

thick side walls to prevent bursting and collapse

Question 13

lignin

Answer 13

gives strength and support to the plant

Question 14

sieve cell

Answer 14

help in the transportation of organic materials

Question 15

phloem adaptations

Answer 15

pores through which sucrose solution can be pumped

holes in the end of cell walls to allow liquid to flow from one sieve cell to the next

small amounts of cytoplasm to make more room for the central channel

Question 16

diffusion

Answer 16

movement of particles from a high to a low concentration

Question 17

osmosis

Answer 17

the diffusion of small molecules of a solvent, such as water, through a partially permeable membrane

Question 18

endothermic reaction

Answer 18

When energy is taken in from the surroundings

Question 19

limiting factor

Answer 19

a factor which, if in short supply, reduces the rate of photosynthesis

Question 20

factors affecting rate of photosynthesis

Answer 20

light intensity
carbon dioxide concentration
temperature
chlorophyll

Question 21

dependant variable

Answer 21

the variable that is measured

Question 22

independent variable

Answer 22

the variable that changes

Question 23

control variable

Answer 23

the variable that does not change

Question 24

independent variable in potometer experiment

Answer 24

time

Question 25

Dependent variable in potometer experiment

Answer 25

distance moved by bubble

Question 26

Control variables in potometer experiment

Answer 26

temperature, adequate water supply

Question 27

concentration gradient

Answer 27

a difference in 2 concentrations

Question 28

active transport

Answer 28

the movement of dissolved molecules through the cell membrane, from lower to higher concentration

Question 29

why is active transport required to take mineral ions to the cytoplasm of the root hair cell

Answer 29

energy is required
there is a greater concentration of mineral ions inside the cell than outside

Question 30

why do cells that carry out a lot of active transport have many mitochondria

Answer 30

active transport requires a lot of energy
energy is required for areobic respiration

Question 31

light intensity = …

Answer 31

1/distance^2