Plants

Question 1

Male gamete(plant)

Answer 1

Pollen produced in the anther.

Question 2

Female gamete(plant)

Answer 2

Ovules made in ovary

Question 3

Pollination

Answer 3

-Pollination involves the transfer of pollen from the anther to the stigma.
-Pollination can be carries out by either wind or insects.
-Once the pollen grain lands on the stigma it responds to the presence of sugar there and uses it as an energy source to grow a pollent tube down the female tissues into the ovary
-As the pollen tube grows out from the pollen grain, the pollen grain’s nucleus travels down the pollen tube

Question 4

Fertilisation Definition

Answer 4

-The fusion of the nuclei of the two haploid gametes to produce a diploid zygote.
- Occurs when the nucleus of a pollen grain joins with a nuclei in the ovule to produce a diploid zygote

Question 5

After fertilization

Answer 5

The ovary becomes a fruit.
The ovule becomes seeds.

Question 6

Increasing yield of a plant

Answer 6

Being able to harvest more plants per unit area of land

Question 7

How to increase yield of the plant

Answer 7

This can involve the use of fertilisers and pesticides

Question 8

Fertilisers

Answer 8

-Fertilisers provide chemicals such as nitrates which increase crop yield(growth)
-Nitrates dissolves in soil water are absorbed into plants
-Nitrates are used to produce amino acids which are synthesized into plant proteins
-Fertilizer can be added to soil to increase the nitrate content of the soil

Question 9

Pesticides(increasing yield of plants)

Answer 9

Plants and animals which reduce crop yield can be killed by pesticides.

Question 10

Genetically Modified Crops(increasing yield of plants)

Answer 10

GM crops can be used to reduce the use of fertilisers and increase crop yield

Question 11

PHARMING (increasing yield of plants)

Answer 11

Is a means of genetically modifying plants to produce medical products.

Question 12

Plant organs

Answer 12

Roots
Stems
Leaves

Question 13

Where does photosynthesis happen

Answer 13

This takes place on the leaves of a plant

Question 14

Leaves of Plants

Answer 14

The leaves of the plants contain cell structures called chloroplasts which contain the green pigment(chlorophyll)

Question 15

Leaf structures

Answer 15

Upper epidermis
Palisade mesophyll
Spongy mesophyll
Vein(consisting of xylem and phloem)
Lower epidermis
Guard cells
Stomata

Question 16

Cells which carry out a photosynthesis

Answer 16

The cells of a leaf which carry out photosynthesis are the palasade mesophyll cells and spongy mesophyll cells.

Question 17

Carbon dioxide leaves

Answer 17

The leaves need water which enters the plant through the root hairs and carbon dioxide which diffuses into the leaf from the air through the stomata.

Question 18

What does the xylem do?

Answer 18

Water and minerals enter the plant through the root hairs and are transported in the dead xylem vessels upwards to the leaves for photosynthesis

Question 19

What does the phloem do

Answer 19

The glucose made during photosynthesis needs to be transported to parts of the plant that cannot photosynthesis eg. The parts which do not contain chlorophyll. Sugar(glucose) is transported up and down the plant in living phloem

Question 20

Xylem vessels features

Answer 20

-Transport water and minerals upwards from roots to leaves
- Contain lignin
-Lignin allows the plant to withstand pressure changes as water moves through the plant.

Question 21

Phloem tissue

Answer 21

-Sugar is transported up and down the plant in living phloem
-Phloem have sieve plates and associated companion cells

Question 22

Transpiration

Answer 22

Process of water moving through a plant it’s evaporation through the stomata

Question 23

Process of Transpiraton

Answer 23

1. Water enters a plant through the root hairs from the soil by a process of osmosis
2. Water moves from a higher water concentration in the soil to a lower water concentration in the root hair
3. Water then travels upwards through the xylem vessels
4. The underside of leaves has small pores called stomata. Water evaporates through the stomata into the air which creates a sucking action to draw the water upwards(against gravity)

Question 24

How is Transpiraton measured?

Answer 24

Potometer

Question 25

Factors affecting rate of Transpiraton

Answer 25

Wind speed increases
Temperature increases
Surface area increase
Humidity decreases

Question 26

Stomata

Answer 26

Allow the entry of carbon dioxide for photosynthesis and the loss of water by evaporation during transpiration