Mitosis

Question 1

What did all humans start like?

Answer 1

Zygote

Question 2

What are stem cells?

Answer 2

Stem cells are the unspecialized cells which can differentiate into different specialised cells.

Question 3

Why do we need stem cells?

Answer 3

To grow and repair damaged tissue. Most specialised cells cant make copies of themselves, stem cells solve that problem

Question 4

How do stem cells allow for growth and repair?

Answer 4

They can self renew by mitosis an unlimited number of times

They can differentiate into specialised cells.

Question 5

What are the 2 types of stem cells?

Answer 5

Embryonic and tissue stem cells

Question 6

What are embryonic stem cells?

Answer 6

Embryonic stem cells are taken from embryos that contain only a few cells. They can also produce any type of cell.( This is called Pluripotent). You have to destroy an embryo which has lost of moral things about it.

Question 7

What are tissue stem cells?

Answer 7

Found in the body throughout life but can only develop into a few types of specialised cells.( this is called multipotent)

Question 8

What are multi-cellular organisms?

Answer 8

organisms made up more than 1 cell type

Question 9

What are unicellular organisms?

Answer 9

organisms made up of one cell eg. Amoeba

Question 10

What are cells?

Answer 10

Basic unit of life

Question 11

What are tissues?

Answer 11

Groups of specialised cells that work together to perform the same function

Question 12

What are organs?

Answer 12

Organs are groups of similar tissues that work together to perform the same function

Question 13

What are systems?

Answer 13

a group of organs working together

Question 14

Hierarchy in Multi-cellular Organism

Answer 14

cells into tissues into organs into systems

Question 15

What is a specialised cell?

Answer 15

Cells which have adapted to perform a particular function.

Question 16

What factor do cells require to grow in the lab?

Answer 16

a suitable nutrient medium

suitable temperature

suitable PH level

Oxygen supply

Question 17

How is cancer caused?

Answer 17

Cancer is cause by cells dividing uncontrollably. They divide to form a tumour.

Question 18

What are cells called with 2 sets of chromosomes?

Answer 18

Diploid cell( all cells are diploid except gametes

Question 19

What are cells called with 1 set of chromosomes?

Answer 19

Haploid cells(gametes are haploid cells)

Question 19

What some organism have same number of chromosomes but look and act so different?

Answer 19

It depends on the order of bases in the DNA that makes up the chromosomes that are different.

Question 20

What does a centromere do?

Answer 20

It holds 2 chromatids together

Question 21

Why do cells undergo mitosis?

Answer 21

growth and repair of damaged cells

Question 22

Where is the location of mitosis?

Answer 22

Nucleus

Question 23

What are pathogens?

Answer 23

microorganisms that cause disease

Question 24

What is mitosis?

Answer 24

When a mother cell divided to produce 2 daughter cells with the same diploid chromosome for growth, repair, replacement

Question 25

What are the steps for mitosis?

Answer 25

1. The long coiled chromosomes are not visible as they are replication
2. Chromosomes shorten, thicken and replicate to form 2 identical chromatids( chromosomes are not visible) and the membrane disappear
3. Chromosomes line up at the equator of the cell, spindle fibres attach to chromosome
4. Pairs of chromatids are separated and pulled apart to opposite ends of cell.
5. Nucleus membrane reforms, and cytoplasm divides
6. 2 identical diploid daughter cell are producrd