DNA And Production OF Proteins Flashcards
What shape is DNA molecule?
DNA is double-stranded helix held together by complimentary base pairs. They have a hydrogen bond
What are the 4 bases of DNA, and how do they pair?
Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine
A-T
C-G
What is a gene?
A section of DNA which codes for proteins
Where is DNA found in?
Nucleus
Where are proteins made?
Ribosome
What is mRNA?
It’s a molecule which carries a complimentary copy of the genetic code from the DNA, in the nucleus, to a ribosome where proteins are assembled from amino acids.
What does the DNA Base Sequence determine?
The DNA base sequence determines the amino acids sequence in proteins
What are amino acids held togeth
They are held together by peptide bonds
What are chromosomes made of?
DNA
What do genes code for?
Proteins
What are the steps for Protein Synthesis?
DNA in nucleus unwinds and the strands separate
mRNA makes a complimentary copy of the DNA code
mRNA carries the code from nucleus to a ribosome
The order of mRNA bases determines the order of amino acids
The genetic code codes for amino acids which joined by peptide bonds to form a protein
What does the amino acid sequence determine?
structure and function of proteins
Name 4 types of proteins?
Structural Protein
Antibodies
Hormones
Receptors
Enzymes
What are catalysts and enzymes?
Enzymes function as a biological catalysts and are made of all living things. Catalysts speed the rate of reaction and are unchanged in the process. There actions results in products.
Active Site
The shape of the active site of an enzyme is complimentary to its specific substrate
What are enzymes specific to?
They are specific to one substrate.
Enzymes will only work as a catalyst to a substrate with a complimentary fit to the shape of the active site.
What would happen to a human body without enzymes?
They would not be able to break down food molecules quickly enough to provide the energy and nutrients they need to survive
What does SAM stand for?
Hydrogen peroxide binds with catalase to produce oxygen and water(Degradation)
What does HPCOW stand for?
Starch binds with amylase to produce maltose(Degradation)
Why would a substrate not bind and react with another enzyme?
Because the enzyme did not have a complimentary fit to to the active site of the substrate
What is degradation?
The breakdown of a large molecule to smaller molecules
What is a synthesis reaction?
They join small and simple molecules into larger and complex molecules
What does GIPPS stand for?
Glucose-1-phosphate binds with phosphorylase to produce starch(synthesis reaction)
What are enzymes made of?
Proteins
