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Biology > DNA And Production OF Proteins > Flashcards

DNA And Production OF Proteins Flashcards

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1
Q

What shape is DNA molecule?

A

DNA is double-stranded helix held together by complimentary base pairs. They have a hydrogen bond

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2
Q

What are the 4 bases of DNA, and how do they pair?

A

Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine

A-T

C-G

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3
Q

What is a gene?

A

A section of DNA which codes for proteins

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4
Q

Where is DNA found in?

A

Nucleus

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5
Q

Where are proteins made?

A

Ribosome

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6
Q

What is mRNA?

A

It’s a molecule which carries a complimentary copy of the genetic code from the DNA, in the nucleus, to a ribosome where proteins are assembled from amino acids.

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7
Q

What does the DNA Base Sequence determine?

A

The DNA base sequence determines the amino acids sequence in proteins

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8
Q

What are amino acids held togeth

A

They are held together by peptide bonds

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9
Q

What are chromosomes made of?

A

DNA

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10
Q

What do genes code for?

A

Proteins

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11
Q

What are the steps for Protein Synthesis?

A

DNA in nucleus unwinds and the strands separate

mRNA makes a complimentary copy of the DNA code

mRNA carries the code from nucleus to a ribosome

The order of mRNA bases determines the order of amino acids

The genetic code codes for amino acids which joined by peptide bonds to form a protein

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12
Q

What does the amino acid sequence determine?

A

structure and function of proteins

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13
Q

Name 4 types of proteins?

A

Structural Protein

Antibodies

Hormones

Receptors

Enzymes

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14
Q

What are catalysts and enzymes?

A

Enzymes function as a biological catalysts and are made of all living things. Catalysts speed the rate of reaction and are unchanged in the process. There actions results in products.

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15
Q

Active Site

A

The shape of the active site of an enzyme is complimentary to its specific substrate

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16
Q

What are enzymes specific to?

A

They are specific to one substrate.

Enzymes will only work as a catalyst to a substrate with a complimentary fit to the shape of the active site.

17
Q

What would happen to a human body without enzymes?

A

They would not be able to break down food molecules quickly enough to provide the energy and nutrients they need to survive

18
Q

What does SAM stand for?

A

Hydrogen peroxide binds with catalase to produce oxygen and water(Degradation)

19
Q

What does HPCOW stand for?

A

Starch binds with amylase to produce maltose(Degradation)

20
Q

Why would a substrate not bind and react with another enzyme?

A

Because the enzyme did not have a complimentary fit to to the active site of the substrate

21
Q

What is degradation?

A

The breakdown of a large molecule to smaller molecules

22
Q

What is a synthesis reaction?

A

They join small and simple molecules into larger and complex molecules

23
Q

What does GIPPS stand for?

A

Glucose-1-phosphate binds with phosphorylase to produce starch(synthesis reaction)

24
Q

What are enzymes made of?

A

Proteins

25
Q

What factors affect the rate of enzyme-catalysed reaction

A

Temperature and PH level

26
Q

What is the optimum for enzymes?

A

All enzymes are most active at a particular temperature and ph level.

27
Q

What is the optimum temperature of enzymes in human body?

A

37°C

28
Q

What is the optimum temperature of enzymes in plants?

A

10°C

29
Q

What happens at enzymes over the optimum temp?

A

The activity starts decreasing and if temperature is very high they start denaturing

30
Q

What happens when a enzyme denatures?

A

The shape of the active site changes which means it’s not complimentary fit to the enzymes and activity starts decreasing and comes to a full stop.

31
Q

What happens to enzymes optimum ph values.

A

At optimum ph values enzymes activity it’s at its highest

Enzymes work within a range of ph Values depending on which part of the body

32
Q

Each enzyme has a working rate what happens outside it?

A

The enzymes is inactive.

At extreme PH values enzyme denatures.

33
Q

Why can DNA not leave the nucleus?

A

Too big and too valuable (don’t want it to be damaged

Biology (14 decks)

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