Control And Communication Flashcards
Homeostasis
It’s a corrective mechanism used to maintain a stable internal environment within the body, it is essential to allow our cells to function properly
3 Factors regulated by homeostasis
Body Temp- must be controlled so the body can function properly
Blood glucose levels
Body water content
Thermoreceptors
Specialised cells that detect change in our body temp
How body reacts to the increase of temp
Sweat
Divert blood toward skin
Skin hairs lie flat
How body reacts to the decrease of temp
Decrease in rate of sweat
Divert blood away from the skin
Skin hair stands upright
Shivering generates heat
How body reacts to the decrease of temp
Decrease in rate of sweat
Divert blood away from the skin
Skin hair stands upright
Shivering generates heat
Why Do People Calculate Average
To increase the reliability of results
Hormones
-Protein molecules that act as chemical messengers
-Produces by endocrine glands and travels through the bloodstream
-They bind to complimentary receptor proteins on the surface of target cells
-Binding of hormone to a complimentary receptor protein ensures that only specific cells are affected by the action of a particular hormone
Why would a hormone not be able to affect a non target cell?
If a cell does not have a complimentary, surface receptor for a hormone then it will not have any affect on the cell
Pancreas
-Releases 2 hormones: INSULIN and GLUCAGON in response to changes in blood glucose levels
-target the liver
- Travel to target tissue where they bind to complementary surface receptors and induce an effect
What cause blood glucose levels to increase
Food Intake
What cause blood glucose levels to decrease
A lack of food intake/ exercising
Increase In blood glucose levels
The pancreas detects an increase in blood glucose levels, and insulin is released and travels through the bloodstream to the liver. Excess glucose is converted into glucose and stored in the liver. Blood glucose levels return to normal
insulin GLUCOSE→→→→→GLYCOGEN
Decrease In blood glucose levels
The pancreas detects a decrease in blood glucose levels, and glucagon is released and travels through the bloodstream to the liver. Glycogen is converted into glucose and released into the bloodstream, blood glucose levels return to normal
glucagon GLYCOGEN→→→→→→→→GLUCOSE
Diabetes
A disease that prevents the body being able to produce or respond to insulin- Blood glucose levels remain high
How is diabetes caused
Genetic Make Up
Lack of exercise
High sugar diet
levels of obesity
CNS
made up of brain and spinal cord
Nervous system
made up of three main parts: brain, spinal and nerves
Cerebrum
Controls conscious thoughts, memory and speech
Cerebellum
Controls balance and coordination of movement
Medulla
Controls breathing and heart rate
Communication
Transmission of electrical impulses through the nervous system allows the body to respond to changes in environmental stimuli.
How does the nervous sytem detect changes
Our five main sensory organs have receptors that detect stimuli from within our environment
Our body has effectors that carry out a response to a detected stimuli
Effector organs
Muscle
Glands
Neurons
Carry messages rapidly as electrical impulse to and from CNS
Sensory
Carries an electrical impulse from a receptor to inter neuron in CNS
Inter
Carries an electrical impulse from the CNS to an effector for a response to be made
Reflex Action
rapid and automatic response that are used to protect the body from harmful stimuli
3 example of reflex actions
Sneezing
Coughing
Rapid dilation/constrict
What does reflex action do
Its an automatic and rapid response to stimuli, which minimizes damage to the body from potentially harmful stimuli condition, such as touching something hot
