Plantarflexors

Question 1

Plantaris

Answer 1

Origin: Lower half of the lateral supracondylar line of the femur and the oblique popliteal ligament

Insertion: Posterior surface of the calcaneus

Question 2

Tibialis Posterior

Answer 2

Origin: Posterior aspect of the interosseous membrane, superior 2/3 posterior and medial surface of the fibula and superior aspect of the proximal tibia

Insertion: Plantar surface of the foot, attaching to the navicular, cuneiforms, cuboid and bases of metatarsals 2, 3 and 4

Question 3

Tibialis Posterior Function

Answer 3

Stabilisation of the ankle joint,
plantarflexion,
inversion,
controls over-pronation.

Question 4

Plantaris Function

Answer 4

Assists other muscles,
assists flexion,
provides proprioceptive feedback

Question 5

Peroneus Longus

Answer 5

Origin: Head of the upper 2/3 of the lateral fibular shaft and anterior and posterior intermuscular septa of the leg.

Insertion: Lateral portion of the 1st metatarsal’s base and the posterolateral aspect of the medial cuneiform bone

Question 6

Peroneus Longus Function

Answer 6

Eversion,
Plantarflexion,
Lateral Ankle Stability,
Arch support,
Propulsion

Question 7

Peroneus Brevis

Answer 7

Origin: Inferior 2/3 of the lateral surface of the fibular

Insertion: Lateral tubercle at the base of the fifth metatarsal

Question 8

Peroneus Brevis Function

Answer 8

Lateral ankle stability,
Plantarflexion,
Eversion

Question 9

Flexor Hallucis Longus

Answer 9

Origin: Distal 2/3 of posterior surface of the fibula

Insertion: Plantar surface of the base of the distal phalanx of the great toe

Question 10

Flexor Hallucis Longus Function

Answer 10

Stabilises metatarsal head and keeps the great toe in contact with the ground,
Flexes the big toe,
Stabilises the ankle,
Plantarflexion

Question 11

Flexor Digitorum Longus

Answer 11

Origin: Medial aspect of the posterior surface of the tibia

Insertion: Plantar surfaces of the bases of the distal phalanges (2-5)

Question 12

Flexor Digitorum Longus Function

Answer 12

Flexing toes,
Gripping Surfaces,
Plantarflexor,
Inversion

Question 13

Soleus

Answer 13

Origin: Upper 1/4 of the posterior fibula and the middle 1/3 of the posterior tibial shaft

Insertion: Joins with the gastrocnemius to attach to the calcaneus as the Achilles tendon

Question 14

Soleus Function

Answer 14

Plantarflexion,
Pumps blood

Question 15

Gastrocnemius

Answer 15

Origin: (Lateral Head) - Lateral surface of the femoral lateral condyle.
(Medial Head) - Posterior surface of the medial femoral condyle and the epicondyle

Insertion: The two heads unite to form the Achilles tendon which inserts onto the middle 1/3 of the posterior calcaneal surface

Question 16

Gastrocnemius Function

Answer 16

Plantarflexion,
Speed,
Leg flexion,
Lower limb locomotion