Plantar Foot

Question 1

what is the function of the metatarsal and phalangeal bones

Answer 1

keep the arch of the foot, distrubute mechanical stress, protect neurovascular structure

Question 2

what bone of the foot has no muscular attachments

Answer 2

talus

Question 3

how does the arch of the foot distribute forces

Answer 3

distribute 50% of body weight onto hindfoot and 50% on mid/forfoot

Question 4

what are the 3 arches of the foot

Answer 4

medial longitudinal arch, lat longitudinal arch, transverse arch

Question 5

structures that make up the medial arch

Answer 5

medial half of calc
entire talus
navicular
cuneiforms
1,2,3 metatarsals

Question 6

what structures make up lateral longitudinal arch

Answer 6

lat half of calcaneus
cuboid
4-5 metatarsal bones

Question 7

what structures make up transverse arch

Answer 7

coboid, cuniforms, 1-5 metatarsals

Question 8

what are the functions of the plantar aponeurosis

Answer 8

• support the foot arches and prevent neurovascular compression
• absorb and distribute mechanical stress
• enhance digital fibrous sheath
• provide proprioseptive and pain sensations

Question 9

The main bundle of the plantar aponeurosis originates from the

Answer 9

medial tubercle of the calcaneal tuberosity

Question 10

what are the 3 bone attachemnts of the plntar aponeurosis

Answer 10

1. heads 1-5 metatarsals
2. shafts of 1st +5th metatarsals
3. periosteum of phalangeal bones

Question 11

what are the 3 fibrous attachments of the plantar aponeurosis

Answer 11

1. fibrous digital sheath
2. plantar lig
3. deep transverse metatarsal lig

Question 12

what does the superficial transverse metatarsal lig do

Answer 12

keep the longitudinal bands of the plantar aponeurosis connected

Question 13

what is midline for the foot

Answer 13

2nd toe

Question 14

when is flat foot normal and not normal

Answer 14

N- before the invd is 3 and when you are weightbearing in childhood

AbNormal- fusion of adjacent tarsal bones (ridgid flatfoot)

Question 15

what is plantar fibromatosis

Answer 15

inherited disorder of plantar aponeurosis

-thickened nodules

Question 16

Path of the tibial n

Answer 16

deep to flexor retinaculum and will split into the medial anterior and post calcaneal

will then split into medial and lateral plantar

Question 17

what is joggers foot

Answer 17

impingment of medial planter n under abductor hallusis

Question 18

Path of medial plantar n and terminal branches

Answer 18

deep to abductor hallusis sends branches to common plantar digital (1,2,3,4) and proper plantar digital of great toe (medial side of toe)

Question 19

path of lateral plantar n and terminal branches

Answer 19

crosses med to lat
sends branch to lat calcaneal
at 5th MT bone will split into superficial and deep plantar n

Question 20

what does the superfocial lat nerve branch into

Answer 20

the common and proper plantar digital nerves, lat to 5th toe and bw 4th and 5th

Question 21

hammer toe would be due to loss of what nerve

Answer 21

deep lateral plantar as it supplies lumbricals and interossie

Question 22

where is the lateral and medial plantar artery located in respect to the lateral and medial plantar n

Answer 22

lat plantar artery is lateral

med plantar artery is is med

Question 23

path of post tibial artery and what does it split up into at the foot

Answer 23

will reach tarsal tunnel and branch into the lat platar artery and the medial plantar artery

Question 24

path of medial plantar artery

Answer 24

dives into abductor hallucis and emerges along medial border of great toe (changing its name to proper planter)

Question 25

path of lat plantar artery

Answer 25

passes toward base of 5th MT, sends plantar digital artery to 5th toe then heads towards 1st MT to unite w deep plantar artery to form plantar arterial arch

Question 26

branches of plantar arterial arch

Answer 26

3 perforating arteries (bw 2,3,4)

5 plantar metatarsal to each toe

Question 27

Plantar reflex- what spinal lvls are tested and what is absormal

Answer 27

L4-S3

abnormal (babinski sign) indicates brain injury (except babies)

Question 28

What is joggers foot and what muscles affected

Answer 28

compression of medial plantar n deep to flexor retinaculum or abductor hallucis m.

Abductor hallusis, flexor digitorum brevis, flexor hallucis brevis, 3.5 toes, lumbricals

Question 29

What is Interdigital neuritis/mortons neuroma and what is affected

Answer 29

entrappment of plantar digital n as it passes deep to superficial transverse metatarsal lig

Intermittent dull ach in 3-4 interspace