Plantar Foot Flashcards
what is the function of the metatarsal and phalangeal bones
keep the arch of the foot, distrubute mechanical stress, protect neurovascular structure
what bone of the foot has no muscular attachments
talus
how does the arch of the foot distribute forces
distribute 50% of body weight onto hindfoot and 50% on mid/forfoot
what are the 3 arches of the foot
medial longitudinal arch, lat longitudinal arch, transverse arch
structures that make up the medial arch
medial half of calc entire talus navicular cuneiforms 1,2,3 metatarsals
what structures make up lateral longitudinal arch
lat half of calcaneus
cuboid
4-5 metatarsal bones
what structures make up transverse arch
coboid, cuniforms, 1-5 metatarsals
what are the functions of the plantar aponeurosis
- support the foot arches and prevent neurovascular compression
- absorb and distribute mechanical stress
- enhance digital fibrous sheath
- provide proprioseptive and pain sensations
The main bundle of the plantar aponeurosis originates from the
medial tubercle of the calcaneal tuberosity
what are the 3 bone attachemnts of the plntar aponeurosis
- heads 1-5 metatarsals
- shafts of 1st +5th metatarsals
- periosteum of phalangeal bones
what are the 3 fibrous attachments of the plantar aponeurosis
- fibrous digital sheath
- plantar lig
- deep transverse metatarsal lig
what does the superficial transverse metatarsal lig do
keep the longitudinal bands of the plantar aponeurosis connected
what is midline for the foot
2nd toe
when is flat foot normal and not normal
N- before the invd is 3 and when you are weightbearing in childhood
AbNormal- fusion of adjacent tarsal bones (ridgid flatfoot)
what is plantar fibromatosis
inherited disorder of plantar aponeurosis
-thickened nodules
Path of the tibial n
deep to flexor retinaculum and will split into the medial anterior and post calcaneal
will then split into medial and lateral plantar
what is joggers foot
impingment of medial planter n under abductor hallusis
Path of medial plantar n and terminal branches
deep to abductor hallusis sends branches to common plantar digital (1,2,3,4) and proper plantar digital of great toe (medial side of toe)
path of lateral plantar n and terminal branches
crosses med to lat
sends branch to lat calcaneal
at 5th MT bone will split into superficial and deep plantar n
what does the superfocial lat nerve branch into
the common and proper plantar digital nerves, lat to 5th toe and bw 4th and 5th
hammer toe would be due to loss of what nerve
deep lateral plantar as it supplies lumbricals and interossie
where is the lateral and medial plantar artery located in respect to the lateral and medial plantar n
lat plantar artery is lateral
med plantar artery is is med
path of post tibial artery and what does it split up into at the foot
will reach tarsal tunnel and branch into the lat platar artery and the medial plantar artery
path of medial plantar artery
dives into abductor hallucis and emerges along medial border of great toe (changing its name to proper planter)
path of lat plantar artery
passes toward base of 5th MT, sends plantar digital artery to 5th toe then heads towards 1st MT to unite w deep plantar artery to form plantar arterial arch
branches of plantar arterial arch
3 perforating arteries (bw 2,3,4)
5 plantar metatarsal to each toe
Plantar reflex- what spinal lvls are tested and what is absormal
L4-S3
abnormal (babinski sign) indicates brain injury (except babies)
What is joggers foot and what muscles affected
compression of medial plantar n deep to flexor retinaculum or abductor hallucis m.
Abductor hallusis, flexor digitorum brevis, flexor hallucis brevis, 3.5 toes, lumbricals
What is Interdigital neuritis/mortons neuroma and what is affected
entrappment of plantar digital n as it passes deep to superficial transverse metatarsal lig
Intermittent dull ach in 3-4 interspace
