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Botany > Plant Tissues > Flashcards

Plant Tissues Flashcards

1
Q

3 (4) major organs

A

Root
Stem
Leaves
Flowers (in angiosperms)

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2
Q

2 major organs based on function

A

Vegetative
Reproductive

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3
Q

2 systems

A

Roots
Shoot

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4
Q

Derived from Apical meristem
Made of Primary tissues
Herbaceous part of plant
Only plant body of herbs

A

Primary Plant Body

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5
Q

Derived from lateral meristems
Made of secondary tissues
Constitutes wood and bark of plant

Woody plants have primary tissues that differentiate into secondary tissues

A

Secondary Plant Body

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6
Q

Thin and flexible primary cell walls
most common type of plant cell
constitutes to all soft parts of herbaceous parts of plant

A

Parenchyma

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7
Q

Type of parenchyma:
Tightly packed parenchyma cells

A

pith parenchyma

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8
Q

Type of parenchyma:
presence of numeral starch grains

A

cortical parenchyma

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9
Q

Type of parenchyma:
has chloroplasts that are red stained

A

chlorenchyma

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10
Q

Type of parenchyma:
parenchyma Used for storage

A

storage parenchyma

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11
Q

Type of parenchyma:
Help in gas exchange between shoot and root found in aquatic plants

A

Arenchyma

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12
Q

contain wax and oil that cover epidermis
made of cutin,cutan and epiticular wax
aerial portions of plant; none in roots

A

Epidermal Parenchyma: Cuticular Membrane

Functions:
prevent dessication
inhibit pathogen invasion
blocks certain wavelengths of UV Radiation

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13
Q

Lack chlorophyl; make up majority of epidermis
tightly packed
found in leaf and stem surfaces

A

Epidermal Parenchyma: Pavement Cells

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14
Q

Under epidermis

A

Epidermal Parenchyma: Hypodermis

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15
Q

Has guard cells with stomata that change shape when swollen
has chloroplast
sensitive to light, humidity, time of day, and plant hormone ABA

A

Epidermal Parenchyma: Stomatal Pore complex

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16
Q

Location of stomata in plant

A

Epistomatic; adaxial
Hypostomatic; abaxial
Amphistomatic; both

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17
Q

Single subsidiary cell surrounds guard cell

A

Floating guard cells

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18
Q

2 subsidiary cells border along parallel axes of guard cells

A

Paracytic

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19
Q

2 subsidiary cells border right angle to axes of guard cells

A

Diacytic

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20
Q

3 subsidiary cells adjoin the guard cells

A

triacytic

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21
Q

3 subsidiary cells adjoin but one is smaller than the other 2

A

anisocytic

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22
Q

4 subsidiary cells adjoin the guard cells

A

tetracytic

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23
Q

Subsidiary cells are indistinct from pavement cells

A

anomocytic

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24
Q

dumbbell shaped subsidiary cells parallel in paracytic fashion found in grass family

A

Graminaceous

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25
Q

Distribution of stomata

A

Random
clustered
linear
sunken

26
Q

extensions from epidermis; protect from biotic and abiotic stresses

A

Trichomes

functions:
raises humidity of air in leaf surfaces
reduce light entering leaf; scattering irradiation
Physical and chemical barriers against herbivory
reduce evapotranspiration and water loss

27
Q

Forms of trichomes

A

unicellular and unbranced
unicellular and branched
multicellular and unbranched
unicellular and branched
glandular
stinging hair

28
Q

Type of trichome:
Short and round and produces chemical to repel insects

A

Glandular

29
Q

Type of Trichome:
short and stiff
inject component in animals as protection

A

Stinging hair
example: Uritcaceae

30
Q

unevenly thickened primary walls that exhibit plasticity
support young parts of plant shoot
at maturity can provide support withoyut restraining growth
derived from parenchyma

A

Collenchyma

31
Q

Type of collenchyma:
Greatest wall thickenings where cells meet at the corners

A

Angular collenchyma

32
Q

Type of collenchyma:
Thickened portions of cell wall like bricks

A

Lamellar collenchyma

33
Q

Type of collenchyma:
presence of intercellular space especially in angles

A

Lacunar Collenchyma

34
Q

Type of collenchyma:
evenly distributed primary wall thickenings with little to no intercellular spaces

A

Annular collenchyma

35
Q

Primary and secondary wall always lignified
more rigid and support plant by strength alone
dead but functional and mostly composed of secondary cell wall

A

sclerenchyma

36
Q

Type of sclerenchyma:
very narrow; long
support xylem cells in secondary growth; phloem in primary growth
found in clusters; adaxial and abaxial
differentiation from parenchyma to sclerenchyma

A

Fibers

37
Q

Type of sclerenchyma:
found in seed, fruit, and leaf
development related to hormonal signals in wounded plants

A

Sclereids

38
Q

Type of sclereid:
strong for support and lignin is present
leaf scar and process of sclerification

A

Brachysclereids

39
Q

Type of sclereid:
star shaped and supports leaves
calcium oxolate in cell wall helps its shape

A

astrosclereids

40
Q

Type of sclereid:
outer and inner layer that protects seed

A

macrosclereids and osteosclereids

41
Q

Type of sclerenchyma:
allow water flow in plants

A

Tracheary elements

42
Q

Exhibits determinate growth

A

animal growth

43
Q

exhibits indeterminate growth

A

plant growth

44
Q

divide indefinitely
has apical (SAM and RAM)
has lateral (Cambium)
has intercalary (Grass; stem and leaf sheaths)
Undifferentiated
active in cell division

A

Meristems

45
Q

Type of Meristem:
primary growth; Root extension in soil
shoot increase exposure to light
make up most of herbaceous parts of plants

A

apical meristem

46
Q

Type of meristem:
vascular cambium and secondary xylem where thickening happens
cork cambium replaces epidermis with stronger periderm

A

Lateral meristem

47
Q

Types of primary tissues

A

protederm
ground meristem
procambium

48
Q

Type of protoderm:
outermost layer
contain cutin and forms waxy and oily cuticle
contain stomata and trichomes

A

Epidermis

functions:
prevent water loss
barrier against invasion
shield internal cells
prevents overheating

49
Q

In epidermis:
open in day; close at night
swell by absorbing water; shrink by losing water
entry of gases; prevent water loss

A

stomata

50
Q

in epidermis:
block incoming sunlight
deter herbivory
conserve moisture in leaves
some die at maturity but become secretory glands

A

trichomes

51
Q

Type of ground meristem:
interior to epidermis
contain homogenous photosynthetic parenchyma
also aerenchyma

A

cortex

52
Q

Type of procambium:
xylem
phloem
vascular bundle

A

Vascular tissues

53
Q

type of vascular tissue:
conducts water and minerals
dead but functional at maturity
has tracheary elements
parenchyma to sclerechyma (lignified)
secondary cell wall organized to be annular thickennings

A

xylem

54
Q

Type of xylem:
long and thin - water moves cell to cell through pits

A

tracheids

55
Q

type of xylem:
wide and short and forms vessels

A

vessel elements

56
Q

Type of vascular tissues:
alive and functional at maturity
distributes sugars and minerals
has sieve elements

A

Phloem

57
Q

Type of phloem:
elongated and spindle shaped
found in non-angiosperms
distributed over all its surfaces

A

sieve cells

58
Q

type of phloem:
large sieve pores
found in angiosperms
aligned at sieve plate

A

sieve tube members

59
Q

Type of sieve tube members:
found at sides
immature parenchymatous sievec elements
enlrage plasmodesmata diamater
clusters called sieve areas

A

sieve pores

60
Q

Type of sieve tube member:
found up and down

A

sieve plate

61
Q

Type of vascular tissue:
has xylem and phloem
angiosperms form ring surrounding pith
monocots are scattered

A

vascular bundle

Botany (14 decks)

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