Plant Tissues Flashcards by ZACHARY JAMES YONG

3 (4) major organs

Root
Stem
Leaves
Flowers (in angiosperms)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

2 major organs based on function

Vegetative
Reproductive

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

2 systems

Roots
Shoot

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Derived from Apical meristem
Made of Primary tissues
Herbaceous part of plant
Only plant body of herbs

Primary Plant Body

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Derived from lateral meristems
Made of secondary tissues
Constitutes wood and bark of plant

Woody plants have primary tissues that differentiate into secondary tissues

Secondary Plant Body

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Thin and flexible primary cell walls
most common type of plant cell
constitutes to all soft parts of herbaceous parts of plant

Parenchyma

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Type of parenchyma:
Tightly packed parenchyma cells

pith parenchyma

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Type of parenchyma:
presence of numeral starch grains

cortical parenchyma

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Type of parenchyma:
has chloroplasts that are red stained

chlorenchyma

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Type of parenchyma:
parenchyma Used for storage

storage parenchyma

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Type of parenchyma:
Help in gas exchange between shoot and root found in aquatic plants

Arenchyma

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

contain wax and oil that cover epidermis
made of cutin,cutan and epiticular wax
aerial portions of plant; none in roots

Epidermal Parenchyma: Cuticular Membrane

Functions:
prevent dessication
inhibit pathogen invasion
blocks certain wavelengths of UV Radiation

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Lack chlorophyl; make up majority of epidermis
tightly packed
found in leaf and stem surfaces

Epidermal Parenchyma: Pavement Cells

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Under epidermis

Epidermal Parenchyma: Hypodermis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Has guard cells with stomata that change shape when swollen
has chloroplast
sensitive to light, humidity, time of day, and plant hormone ABA

Epidermal Parenchyma: Stomatal Pore complex

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Location of stomata in plant

Epistomatic; adaxial
Hypostomatic; abaxial
Amphistomatic; both

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Single subsidiary cell surrounds guard cell

Floating guard cells

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

2 subsidiary cells border along parallel axes of guard cells

Paracytic

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

2 subsidiary cells border right angle to axes of guard cells

Diacytic

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

3 subsidiary cells adjoin the guard cells

triacytic

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

3 subsidiary cells adjoin but one is smaller than the other 2

anisocytic

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

4 subsidiary cells adjoin the guard cells

tetracytic

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Subsidiary cells are indistinct from pavement cells

anomocytic

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

dumbbell shaped subsidiary cells parallel in paracytic fashion found in grass family

Graminaceous

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Distribution of stomata

Random clustered linear sunken

extensions from epidermis; protect from biotic and abiotic stresses

Trichomes functions: raises humidity of air in leaf surfaces reduce light entering leaf; scattering irradiation Physical and chemical barriers against herbivory reduce evapotranspiration and water loss

Forms of trichomes

unicellular and unbranced unicellular and branched multicellular and unbranched unicellular and branched glandular stinging hair

Type of trichome: Short and round and produces chemical to repel insects

Glandular

Type of Trichome: short and stiff inject component in animals as protection

Stinging hair example: Uritcaceae

unevenly thickened primary walls that exhibit plasticity support young parts of plant shoot at maturity can provide support withoyut restraining growth derived from parenchyma

Collenchyma

Type of collenchyma: Greatest wall thickenings where cells meet at the corners

Angular collenchyma

Type of collenchyma: Thickened portions of cell wall like bricks

Lamellar collenchyma

Type of collenchyma: presence of intercellular space especially in angles

Lacunar Collenchyma

Type of collenchyma: evenly distributed primary wall thickenings with little to no intercellular spaces

Annular collenchyma

Primary and secondary wall always lignified more rigid and support plant by strength alone dead but functional and mostly composed of secondary cell wall

sclerenchyma

Type of sclerenchyma: very narrow; long support xylem cells in secondary growth; phloem in primary growth found in clusters; adaxial and abaxial differentiation from parenchyma to sclerenchyma

Fibers

Type of sclerenchyma: found in seed, fruit, and leaf development related to hormonal signals in wounded plants

Sclereids

Type of sclereid: strong for support and lignin is present leaf scar and process of sclerification

Brachysclereids

Type of sclereid: star shaped and supports leaves calcium oxolate in cell wall helps its shape

astrosclereids

Type of sclereid: outer and inner layer that protects seed

macrosclereids and osteosclereids

Type of sclerenchyma: allow water flow in plants

Tracheary elements

Exhibits determinate growth

animal growth

exhibits indeterminate growth

plant growth

divide indefinitely has apical (SAM and RAM) has lateral (Cambium) has intercalary (Grass; stem and leaf sheaths) Undifferentiated active in cell division

Meristems

Type of Meristem: primary growth; Root extension in soil shoot increase exposure to light make up most of herbaceous parts of plants

apical meristem

Type of meristem: vascular cambium and secondary xylem where thickening happens cork cambium replaces epidermis with stronger periderm

Lateral meristem

Types of primary tissues

protederm ground meristem procambium

Type of protoderm: outermost layer contain cutin and forms waxy and oily cuticle contain stomata and trichomes

Epidermis functions: prevent water loss barrier against invasion shield internal cells prevents overheating

In epidermis: open in day; close at night swell by absorbing water; shrink by losing water entry of gases; prevent water loss

stomata

in epidermis: block incoming sunlight deter herbivory conserve moisture in leaves some die at maturity but become secretory glands

trichomes

Type of ground meristem: interior to epidermis contain homogenous photosynthetic parenchyma also aerenchyma

cortex

Type of procambium: xylem phloem vascular bundle

Vascular tissues

type of vascular tissue: conducts water and minerals dead but functional at maturity has tracheary elements parenchyma to sclerechyma (lignified) secondary cell wall organized to be annular thickennings

xylem

Type of xylem: long and thin - water moves cell to cell through pits

tracheids

type of xylem: wide and short and forms vessels

vessel elements

Type of vascular tissues: alive and functional at maturity distributes sugars and minerals has sieve elements

Phloem

Type of phloem: elongated and spindle shaped found in non-angiosperms distributed over all its surfaces

sieve cells

type of phloem: large sieve pores found in angiosperms aligned at sieve plate

sieve tube members

Type of sieve tube members: found at sides immature parenchymatous sievec elements enlrage plasmodesmata diamater clusters called sieve areas

sieve pores

Type of sieve tube member: found up and down

sieve plate

Type of vascular tissue: has xylem and phloem angiosperms form ring surrounding pith monocots are scattered

vascular bundle