1: Plant Cell Division

Question 1

The Cell Cycle

Answer 1

Division of mother cell to produce daughter cells

Question 2

Plant cell cycle

Answer 2

Both Meristems consists of undifferentiated and dividing cells that deliver new cells to growing structures

one daughter cell will maintain the stem cell fate while the rest will differentiate into a specific type

Question 3

Interphase

Answer 3

Gap 1: cell recovers from cell division, conduct most of its normal metabolism, larges part of cell cycle

S Phase: DNA is replicated

Gap 2: Cell prepares for division, spindle microtubules form

Question 4

Mitosis

Answer 4

Nuclear genes are copied, followed by cytokinesis

Produces nuclei that are more or less exact copies of mother cell

Stages:
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase

Question 5

Preprophase

Answer 5

Preprophase band reorganized at the site of the future cell plate

determines the division plane of the cell

Question 6

Prophase

Answer 6

Condensation of Chromosomes

disappearance of preprophase bands

spindle apparatus is formed at opposite ends of cell

nucleus fragmentation - dissociation of nuclear region and nuclear envelope disintegrates

Question 7

Prometaphase

Answer 7

Preprophase band is gond

new microtubules polymerize to complete mitotic spindle

spindle microtubules come from diffuse zone consisting of multiple foci at opposite ends of cell and extend towards the middle

Question 8

Metaphase

Answer 8

Chromosomes align at the metaphase plate or equator (determined from prior preprophase band)

Spinde microtubules responsible for movement of chromosomes to cell equator

unattached microtubules aid in formation of new wall plasmodesmata

Checkpoint: spindle attachment checkpoint stops cells from proceeding into anaphase if spindle microtubules have incorrectly interacted with kinetochores

Question 9

Anaphase

Answer 9

If checkpoint is passed, anaphase promoting complex is activated
- Segregation of chromatids

Question 10

Telophase

Answer 10

Phragmoplasts appear

nuclear envelope is in process of reforming

nucleoli is restored

small vesicles accumulate that aid in formation of cell plate

Question 11

Cytokinesis

Answer 11

Formation of cell plate (phragomplasts, vesicles, cell wall)

phragomplasts grow outward toward wall

Question 12

Cell cycle regulation

Answer 12

Various cyclins and cyclin dependent kinases regulate transitions from one phase to the next

Question 13

Cell cycle checkpoints

Answer 13

1. Gap 1 to Synthesis transition
2. prior to the Synthesis to Mitosis
3. Either Gap 2 to Mitosis or Metaphase to Anaphase transition