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Plant Leaves Flashcards

1
Q

What is the first embryonic leaves?

A

Cotyledon

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2
Q

What are the two things leaves are involved in

A

Photosynthesis and gas exchange

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3
Q

Leaves should be what?:
To maximize absorption of light and gases

A

Flat and thin

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4
Q

Leaves should be what?:
most of their tissues should be what to carry out photosynthesis

A

alive and differentiated into chlorenchyma

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5
Q

Stems should be what?:
To maximize support and conductions with minimum expenditure of construction

A

Cylindrical

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6
Q

Stems should be what?:
Much of the stem and all of its tracheary elements and most fibers must what?

A

Die ~ functionally dead

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7
Q

External features of SIMPLE leaf:
tip

A

Apex

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8
Q

External features of SIMPLE leaf:
Point attachment

A

Base

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9
Q

External features of SIMPLE leaf:
Side

A

Margin

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10
Q

External features of SIMPLE leaf:
Main vein

A

Midrib

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11
Q

External features of SIMPLE leaf:
Strand of vascular tissues

A

Veins

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12
Q

External features of SIMPLE leaf:
Expanded leaf blade

A

Lamina:
- Adaxial: Ventral surface
- Abaxial: Dorsal surface

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13
Q

External features of SIMPLE leaf:
Leaf stalk

A

Petiole

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14
Q

External features of SIMPLE leaf:
Leaf appendages at petiole

A

Stipule

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15
Q

External features of SIMPLE leaf:
Angle between the leaf and stem

A

Axil

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16
Q

External features of SIMPLE leaf:
Veins originate from midrib at SEPARATE points

A

Pinnately lobed

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17
Q

External features of SIMPLE leaf:
Veins originate from the midrib at SINGLE point

A

Palmately lobed

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18
Q

External features of COMPOUND leaf:
One expanded part of compound leaf

A

Leaflet

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19
Q

External features of COMPOUND leaf:
stalk of individual leaflet

A

Petiolule

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20
Q

External features of COMPOUND leaf:
Distal to petiole - bears leaflets

A

Rachis

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21
Q

External features of COMPOUND leaf:
Stipule-like outgrowths at base of leaflet

A

Stipel

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22
Q

External features of COMPOUND leaf:
Leaflets are attached to rachis

A

Pinnately compound

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23
Q

External features of COMPOUND leaf:
Leaflets are attached to a SINGLE point in the petiole

A

Palmately compound

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24
Q

External features of Leaf - Venation:
Common in angiosperms, netlike

A

Netted or reticulate venation

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25
Q

External features of Leaf - Venation:
common in monocots, parallel

A

Parallel venation

26
Q

External features of Leaf - Venation:
First set of veins point towards apex

A

Anadromous

27
Q

External features of Leaf - Venation:
First set of veins point towards leaf base

A

Catadromous

28
Q

External features of leaf - Leaf shape:
What does leaf shape hel;p the plant in

A
  1. aesthetics
  2. gas exchange
  3. Water retention
  4. light capture
29
Q

External features of a leaf - Leaf Apex:
What are its benefits

A

Affect water drainage to prevent fungal infections and maximize light capture

30
Q

External features of a leaf - Leaf Base:
What are its benefits

A

Enhance leaf stability and support while facilitating efficient nutrient and water transport from stem to blade

31
Q

External features of a leaf - Leaf Margin:
What are its benefits

A

Light capture
Water runoff
Defense

32
Q

External features of a leaf - petiole, base, stipule:
With petiole

33
Q

External features of a leaf - petiole, base, stipule:
Without petiole

34
Q

External features of a leaf - petiole, base, stipule:
With stipule

35
Q

External features of a leaf - petiole, base, stipule:
Without stipule

A

Exstipulate

36
Q

External features of a leaf - petiole, base, stipule:
Leaf base wraps around stem; lacks petiole (sessile)

A

Sheathing of Leaf base

37
Q

External features of a leaf - phyllotaxy:
Name four most common leaf phyllotaxy

A

Opposite, alternate, whorled, spiral

38
Q

Internal features of a leaf - Epidermis:
Single layer of cells in adaxial and abaxial part of leaf and contains cuticle

A

Epidermal cells

39
Q

Internal features of a leaf - Epidermis:
Forms the stomata and allows for gas exchange found in abaxial side of leaf

A

Guard cells

40
Q

Internal features of a leaf - Epidermis:
Can be glandular or non-glandular and found in adaxial side of leaf for protection

41
Q

Internal features of a leaf - Mesophyll:
Consists of one or more layers of elongated chlorenchyma specialized in light absorption and tightly packed

A

Palisade layer/mesophyll

42
Q

Internal features of a leaf - Mesophyll:
Consists of several layer of irregularly-shaped parenchyma; normally surrounds vascular bundles and forms labyrinth of spaces

A

Spongy layer/mesophyll

43
Q

Internal features of a leaf - Vascular Bundles:
Composed of collenchyma cells for support and protection of vascular bundle tissues

A

Bundle sheath

44
Q

Internal features of a leaf - Vascular Bundles:
Mass of fibers above, below, or both in larger veins for additional support

A

Bundle sheath extension

45
Q

Internal features of a leaf - Vascular Bundles:
Composed of tracheary elements, normally located in the upper portion and conducts water

A

Primary xylem

46
Q

Internal features of a leaf - Vascular Bundles:
Composted of sieve members, located in the lower portion and conducts sugar

A

Primary phloem

47
Q

Leaf Modification:
compact assemblage of overlapping and spirally arranged leaf sheathes

A

Support: Psuedostem

48
Q

Leaf Modification:
Slender coiling structure derived from branch, leaf, or inflorescence and used in climbing and support

A

Support: Leaf tendril

49
Q

Leaf Modification:
Leaf tip modified into tendril for support and senses solid objects around then

A

Support: Apex tendril

50
Q

Leaf Modification:
thick and fleshy that favor water conservation

A

Storage: Thickened leaves or succulents

51
Q

Leaf Modification:
large epiphatic ferns trap organic debris that is decomposed, becomes canopy soil and store water externally

A

Storage: Pocket or nest leaves

52
Q

Leaf Modification:
Comes in stipular, petiular and leaflet form to protect

A

Protection: Spines

53
Q

Leaf Modification:
Ability to puncture skin with needle-like apical cell with stiffened walls. Toxins secreted when tip is broken

A

Protection: Stinging trichome

54
Q

Leaf Modification:
Red conical structure that lengthens and unrolls and protects new leaf from UV rays

A

Protection: United stipules

55
Q

Leaf Modification:
Swelling of petiole that permit leaf movement

A

Protection: Pulvinus

56
Q

Leaf Modification:
Modified or specialized leaf in the inflorence below partial peduncles, pedicels, or flowers

A

Attraction: Colored bracts

57
Q

Leaf Modification:
Enhance light capture

A

Photosynthesis: Blade-like stipule, petiole, phyllode

58
Q

Leaf Modification:
leaf margins produce tiny plantlets that fall off and grow independently

A

Reproduction: Marginal Notches

59
Q

Leaf Modification:
bulbous stacks that contain air-filled tissues to keep plant afloat

A

Buoyancy: Bulbous petiole

60
Q

Leaf Modification:
laminate is tubilar rather than flat and secretes a digestive fluid. the epidermis must be absorptive rather than impermeable

A

Traps: Pitcher-like apex

61
Q

Leaf Modification:
Trap insects like flies with hinged leaves

A

Trap: Hinged trap leaves

62
Q

Leaf Modification:
Secrete digestive fluid through large trichomes that wrap around suspect

A

Trap: Glandular trichome

Botany (14 decks)

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