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Botany > Flower > Flashcards

Flower Flashcards

1
Q

Flower definition

A

Shortened shoot, modified for sexual reproduction witin angiosperms

Reproduction organs: stamen + carpels

Production and protection of embryo

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2
Q

Flower Parts:
Floral stalk

A

Pedicel

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3
Q

Flower Parts:
Region where other floral parts are attached

A

Receptacle

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4
Q

Flower Parts:
reduced leaf often on side of the pedicel

A

bract

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5
Q

Flower Parts:
outermost non-reproductive group of modified leaves of a flower

A

Perianth

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6
Q

Type of Perianth:
outermost floral appendage; assemblage of sepals is the calyx

A

Sepals

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7
Q

Type of Perianth:
innermost whorl of colored modified leaves for attraction; forms the corolla

A

Petals

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8
Q

Flower Parts:
refers to all male organs; microsporophyll

A

Andromecium/stamen

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9
Q

Type of Androecium/Stamen:
stalk-like

A

Filament

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10
Q

Type of Androecium/Stamen:
pollen-bearing part

A

Anther

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11
Q

Flower Part:
refers to all female organs; megasporophyll

A

Gynoecium/carpel

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12
Q

Type of Gynoecium/Carpel:
catches pollen grains

A

Stigma

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13
Q

Type of Gynoecium/Carpel:
elevates the stigma

A

Style

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14
Q

Type of Gynoecium/Carpel:
where megaspores are produced

A

Ovary

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15
Q

Flower Whorls:
With 4 whorls: sepal, petal, stamen, and carpel

A

Complete

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16
Q

Flower whorls:
flower lacking 1 ore more of the 4 major whorl parts

A

incomplete

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17
Q

Flower attachment:
With pedicel

A

Pedicellate

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18
Q

Flower attachment:
lacking a pedicel

A

Sessile

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19
Q

Flower attachment:
having a short, rudimentary pedicel

A

subsessile

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20
Q

What do you call the opening of anthers?

A

Anthesis

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21
Q

Flower maturation:
refers to stamens developing first, or pollen release occurring first

A

Protandry

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22
Q

Flower maturation:
refers to when carpels or stigmas develop first before stamens mature or pollen is released

A

Protogyny

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23
Q

Flower maturation:
Flower in which the perianth remains closed at maturity; auto-fertilization

A

Cleistogamy

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24
Q

Flower maturation:
Normal situation where the perianth opens at maturity and pollen may be dispersed

A

Chasmogamy

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25
Q

Flower symmetry:
3 or more planes of symmetry

A

Actinomorphic/radial symmetry

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26
Q

Flower symmetry:
only one plane of symmetry

A

Zygomorphic/bilateral/monosymmetric/irregular symmetry

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27
Q

Flower symmetry:
lacks and plane of symmetry; twisting parts

A

Asymmetric

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28
Q

Steps to floral development:
What model is it patterned in?

A

ABC model:
bracts, calyx, corolla, androecium, and gynoecium

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29
Q

Male Reproductive Structures:
4 steps of formation of pollen grains

A

Microsporophylls bear microsporangia that contain microspores and differentiated into pollen grains.

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30
Q

Male Reproductive Structures:
One anther consists of?

A

four microsporangia
two thecae (singular theca)

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31
Q

Where can stamens be attached to? name all 3

A

Receptacle, corolla, hypanthium rim

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32
Q

Stamen types:
Filament + anther

A

Filamentous

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33
Q

Stamen types:
stamen is flattened structure with two thecae on the adaxial surface

A

Laminar

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34
Q

Stamen types:
non fertile stamen

A

Staminode/staminodium

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35
Q

Stamen arrangement:
with stamens arranged in a spiral

A

Spiral

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36
Q

Stamen arrangement:
with stamens in one or more discrete whorls or series

A

Whorled

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37
Q

Stamen arrangement:
with stamens in two unequal pairs

A

Didynamous

38
Q

Stamen arrangement:
With stamens in two groups of four long and two short

A

Tetradynamous

39
Q

Stamen arrangement:
with stamens in two equal pairs

A

Didymous

40
Q

Stamen arrangement:
with stamens in two equal pairs

A

Didymous

41
Q

Stamen verticil:
single whorl of stamens

A

Uniseriate

42
Q

Stamen verticil:
two whorls of stamens

A

Biseriate

43
Q

Stamen position:
opposite to sepals, calyx lobes, or outer whorl of tepals

A

Antisepalous

44
Q

Stamen position:
stamens positioned between petals or corolla lobes

A

alternipetalous

45
Q

Stamen position:
stamen position opposite to the petals, corolla lobes, or inner whorl of petals

A

antipetalous

46
Q

Stamen position:
stamens positioned between the sepals or calyx lobes

A

alternisepalous

47
Q

Stamen position:
stamens uniseriate, equal in number to petals, and opposite the SEPALS (antisepalous)

A

Haplostemonous

48
Q

Stamen position:
stamens uniseriate, equal in number to the petals, and opposite the PETALS (antipetalous)

A

obhalostemonous

49
Q

Stamen position:
stamens biseriate, the outer whorl opposite the SEPALS and the inner whorl opposite petals

A

Diplostemonous

50
Q

Stamen position:
stamen biseriate, the outer whorl opposite the PETALS, the inner opposite sepals

A

Obdiplostemonous

51
Q

Stamen insertion:
with stamens protruding beyond the perianth

A

Exserted

52
Q

Stamen insertion:
with stamens included within the perianth

A

Inserted

53
Q

Stamen fusion (General terms):
unfused to one another

A

Distinct

54
Q

Stamen fusion (General terms):
fused to one another

A

connate

55
Q

Stamen fusion (General terms):
unfused to a different structure

A

free

56
Q

Stamen fusion (General terms):
fused to a different structure

A

adnate

57
Q

Stamen fusion:
with stamens unfused (both distinct and free)

A

apostemonous

58
Q

Stamen fusion:
with stamens adnate to petals or the corolla

A

epipetalous

59
Q

Stamen fusion:
with two groups of stamens, each connate by filaments only

A

diadelphous

60
Q

Stamen fusion:
with stamens connate by their filaments

A

monoadelphous

61
Q

Stamen fusion:
with anthers connate but filaments distinct

A

syngenesious

62
Q

Anther types:
having two thecae with typically four microsporangia anthers

A

dithecal

63
Q

Anther types:
having one theca with typically two microsporangia

A

monothecal

64
Q

Anther types:
typical dithecal anther in which all pollen grains of both thecae are fused together as a single mass

A

pollinium

65
Q

Anther attachment:
anther attached at its base to apex of the filament (standard)

A

basifixed

66
Q

Anther attachment:
anther attached dorsally and medially to the apex of the filament

A

dorsifixed

67
Q

Anther attachment:
anther attached near its base to the apex of the filament

A

subbasifixed

68
Q

Anther attachment:
anther freely pivots at the point of attachment with the filament

A

versatile

69
Q

Anther dehiscence type:
dehiscing along a structure parallel to the long axis of the thecae (most common)

A

longitudinal

70
Q

Anther dehiscence type:
dehiscing by a pore at one end of the thecae

A

poricidal

71
Q

Anther dehiscence type:
dehiscing at right angles to the long axis of the theca

A

transverse

72
Q

Anther dehiscence type:
dehicing through a pore covered by a flap of tissue

A

valvular

73
Q

Anther dehiscence direction:
dehiscing outward away from the flower center

A

extorse

74
Q

Anther dehiscence direction:
dehiscing inward, toward the flower center

A

intorse

75
Q

Anther dehiscence direction:
dehiscing laterally to the sides

A

latrorse

76
Q

Female reproductive structure:
what is carpel

A

modified leaf, a megasporophyll bearing the megasporangia

77
Q

Collection of carpels fused or not togther

A

Pistil: terminal stigma, elongated style, basal ovary

78
Q

Parts of ovary:
where ovules are produced

A

placenta

79
Q

Parts of ovary:
precursor of seed

A

ovules

80
Q

Parts of ovary:
attaches the ovule to the ovary wall

A

funiculus

81
Q

Parts of ovary:
encloses the nucellus (always two integuments)

A

integuments

82
Q

Parts of ovary:
opening in integument

A

micropyle

83
Q

Parts of ovary:
megasporangium

A

nucellus

84
Q

4 orientation of ovules:

A

anatrophous
ortho”
campylo”
amphi”

85
Q

Floral morphology:
part of gynoecium composed of an ovary. one or more styles, and or one or more stigmas

A

pistil

86
Q

Floral morphology:
contains the ovules

A

ovary

87
Q

Floral morphology:
stalk-like, non ovule bearing portion of pistil

A

style

88
Q

Floral morphology:
pollen receptive portion of pistil

A

stigma

89
Q

Ovary attachment:
cuplike or tubular enlargement of the receptacle loosely surrounding the gynoecium or united with it

A

Hypanthium

90
Q

Style position:
one arising at the ovary apex

A

terminal/apical

91
Q

Style position:
arises to one side, near and slightly below the ovary apex

A

subapical

Botany (13 decks)

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