Plant Structure

Question 1

Angiosperm [2]

Answer 1

• Flowering plant

• Reproduce sexually by way of flowers

Question 2

Tissue [2]

Answer 2

• Group of cells that are the same

• All perform a certain task

Question 3

Types of tissues for angiosperms [4]

Answer 3

• Vascular

• Ground

• Meristematic

• Protective

Question 4

Examples of organs in angiosperms [4]

Answer 4

• Roots

• Shoots

• Leaves

• Flowers

Question 5

Vascular Tissues [2]

Answer 5

• Xylem

• Phloem

Question 6

Function of Vascular Tissues [1]

Answer 6

• Transport materials from one part of the organism to the other part

Question 7

Function of Xylem [2]

Answer 7

• To conduct xylem sap
(water & minerals)

• Transport xylem sap from the roots to all other parts of the plant

Question 8

Names of water conducting cells
of xylem [2]

Answer 8

• Vessel elements

• Tracheids

Question 9

Vessel elements [2]

Answer 9

• Only found in angiosperms

• Connects to other vessel elements end-to-end to form a vessel

Question 10

*Vessel [5]

Answer 10

• Consists of many vessel elements that are connected end-to-end

• Long, hollow, tube-like structure

• The ends of the vessel are either absent or perforated (i.e. have holes)

• Xylem sap passes through one vessel to the next vertically

• Often surrounded by other vessels, allowing xylem sap to pass through the vessels laterally

Question 11

*Tracheids [4]

Answer 11

• Found in all vascular plants

• Have sharply angled ends

• Have many pits

• Much narrower than vessel elements

Question 12

Function of Phloem [2]

Answer 12

• To transport water & dissolved sugars

• The water & dissolved sugars transport from the leaves to the rest of the plant

Question 13

Names of cells that make up most of the Pholem [2]

Answer 13

• Companion cells

• Sieve tube cells

Question 14

Sieve tube cells [4]

Answer 14

• Most phloem cells are sieve tube cells

• Smaller than xylem vessel elements

• At maturity, sieve tube elements lacks a nucleus

• The cytoplasm of the each sieve tube element is connected to the companion cell through pores

Question 15

Companion cells [2]

Answer 15

• Each companion cell possesses a nucleus

• Directs the operations of sieve tube cells by directing the water and sugar in and out of the phloem

Question 16

Types of Ground tissues and How they differ from each other [3+1]

Answer 16

• Parenchyma

• Collenchyma

• Sclerenchyma

• They differ in the thickness of their cell walls

Question 17

Parenchyma [2]

Answer 17

• They have the thinnest and flexible cell walls

• Parenchyma tissue is found in all parts of a plant

Question 18

Function of Parenchyma [3]

Answer 18

• Provides support

• Stores water and sugars for the plant

• Performs photosynthesis ( from the cells in leaves with chloroplasts)

Question 19

Collenchyma [1] and its function [1]

Answer 19

• Specialised type of parenchyma cells with thicker and more rigid primary cell walls

• Collenchyma tissue provides support primarily in stems

Question 20

Sclerenchyma [2] and its function [1]

Answer 20

• Has the thickest and the most rigid secondary cell walls

• Tends to be dead at maturity, and the cells then consist only of their secondary cell walls

Function:
• Important in protection and support of plant stems and other structures

Question 21

Lignin [2]

Answer 21

• Plastic-like phenolic polymer

• It is common in the secondary cell walls of cells found in wood

Question 22

Cellulose [1]

Answer 22

• Present in secondary cell walls

Question 23

Cellulose and lignin [2] and their function [1]

Answer 23

• Deposited on the inside of primary cell walls of xylem cells to produce rigid secondary cell walls

• When these secondary cell walls are complete, the cytoplasm inside the cell dies, leaving dead xylem cells

Function:
• To strengthen the organ of plants

Question 24

Difference between primary and secondary cell walls [1]

Answer 24

• Primary cell walls are less rigid, but more flexible than secondary cell walls