Plant 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the main function of meristematic tissues?

A

To produce new cells from mitosis

Meristematic tissues can only grow in regions where they exist.

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2
Q

What are the two main types of meristems?

A
  • Apical meristems
  • Lateral meristems

These types are responsible for different growth patterns in plants.

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3
Q

Where do apical meristems occur?

A

At the tips (ends) of shoots and roots

They are responsible for primary growth.

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4
Q

What type of growth is primarily associated with apical meristems?

A

Primary growth

This growth increases the height of the plant.

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5
Q

What structure protects the growing root tip as it pushes through the soil?

A

Root cap

The root cap is continually rubbed off during growth.

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6
Q

What happens to the youngest cells at the tip of the apical meristem?

A

They are very small

These cells rapidly elongate in size as they move away from the tip.

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7
Q

What are the two types of lateral meristems?

A
  • Cork cambium
  • Vascular cambium

These contribute to the increase in thickness or width of a plant’s structure.

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8
Q

What is the vascular cambium?

A

A ring of meristematic tissue that occurs between xylem and phloem

It is found only in dicots.

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9
Q

What defines a dicot?

A

Plants with two cotyledons

They typically have broad leaves with net-venation.

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10
Q

Fill in the blank: Meristematic tissues can only grow where ______ exist.

A

meristems

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11
Q

True or False: Apical meristems are responsible for secondary growth.

A

False

Apical meristems are responsible for primary growth.

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12
Q

What type of vascular tissues do apical meristems produce?

A
  • Xylem
  • Phloem

These tissues are essential for nutrient transport in plants.

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13
Q

What is the function of the vascular cambium?

A

Produces cells towards the center and outside of the organ

The vascular cambium is responsible for secondary growth in plants.

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14
Q

What type of tissues are produced by the division of cambium cells?

A

Secondary tissues

These tissues contribute to the secondary growth of a plant.

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15
Q

What is secondary growth in plants?

A

Growth in width of a plant

This type of growth is important for plants that persist for many years, like trees.

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16
Q

In woody plants, what are the two types of new tissues produced each year?

A

New xylem and new phloem

These tissues are produced at the center of the stem/trunk.

17
Q

What is heartwood?

A

The oldest xylem found closer to the center of the stem/trunk

Heartwood is typically non-functional in terms of water transport.

18
Q

What is sapwood?

A

The newer xylem that is functional and transports minerals

Sapwood is found closer to the outside of the stem/trunk.

19
Q

What do annual rings in trees represent?

A

Layers of xylem growth each year

The size of the rings can vary based on seasonal growth conditions.

20
Q

What is cork cambium?

A

A layer that forms under the epidermis in woody plants

It produces cork cells towards the outside and phelloderm towards the inside.

21
Q

What is the function of cork in plants?

A

Protects inner tissues from injury and provides waterproofing

Cork is produced by the cork cambium and is usually more than one cell layer thick.

22
Q

What is the epidermis in plants?

A

The outer protective layer of leaves and non-woody stems

The epidermis is typically one cell layer thick.

23
Q

What is the cuticle?

A

A waxy substance covering the epidermis

It aids in water protection for plant tissues.

24
Q

True or False: The epidermis is covered by a waxy cuticle.

A

True

This cuticle helps prevent water loss.

25
Q

Fill in the blank: The _____ protects inner tissues from injury in plants that undergo secondary growth.

A

Cork

Cork also provides a waterproofing function.

26
Q

What is the role of protective tissues in plants?

A

To provide a barrier for the tissues inside the plants

This includes both the epidermis and cork.