Cells 101 Flashcards
Vesicle [2]
• A membrane-bound sac
• Carries materials such as wastes and nutrients around the cell
Golgi body [2]
• Packages and labels materials (using sugar molecules) from vesicles
• Transports the labelled materials to specific parts of the cell
Cytoplasm [3]
• Gel-like fluid holding all the organelles of the cell
• Mostly water, but also contains other substances until they are needed
• Chemical reactions takes place here, which can change from gel-like to liquid, allowing organelles to be moved around
Ribosome [2]
• Helps to make proteins
• Made from nucleolus
DNA (chromatin) [1]
• Provides information for your cell to produce proteins for life
Nucleolus [1]
• Produces ribosomes
Nucleus [2]
• Membrane-bound “brain” that houses the DNA
• Controls all the cell’s activities
Lysosome [2]
• Membrane-bound organelle
• Contains digestive enzymes to break down materials
Mitochondria [2]
• Powerhouse of the cell
• Performs cellular respiration
Centriole [1]
• Produces spindle fibers
Rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) [2]
• Lined with ribosomes
• Produces protein inside the ER
Cell membrane [3]
• Flexible double-layered membrane that surrounds a cell
• Semi-permeable membrane
• Used for communication
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) [2]
• Produces fat
• Produces hormones
Vacuole [2]
• Single layer of membrane enclosing fluid in a sac
• Storage tank for:
- Food (starch)
- Water
- Waste (to be disposed of)
- Enzymes
Cell wall [4]
• Only in plants
• Found just outside the cell membrane
• Made up of cellulose
• Protects the cell and provides shape for the cell
Chloroplast [2]
• Only found in plants
• Contains chlorophyll
Genes [2]
• Individual pages for a specific function
• Segments of DNA
Chromosome [4]
• Thread-like structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus
• Carries genetic information in the form of genes
• 46 chromosomes for a normal human (23 pairs)
• XX for female, XY for male
Why Perform Cell Division? [3]
• To grow
• To replace
• To reproduce
Cell Theory [3]
• All living things are composed of one or more cells
• Cells are the basic units of life
• Cells come from the replication of other cells
Cellular Respiration [1]
• To break down glucose in order to produce ATP for the cell
Spindle Fibers [1]
• Used for organising chromosomes during mitosis
Chlorophyll [3]
• Only found in plants
• Helps plants perform photosynthesis
• Gives plants their green colour
