Plant root Flashcards
Main anchorage of plants
roots
Absorbs water and minerals from substrate
Roots
Two types of root systems
Taproot and fibrous root
Root system with one large main root from where the secondary root growth originates
Taproot
Secondary root growths found in the taproot
Lateral roots
extensive network of roots that increases the surface area of the roots
Root hairs
has no main root but develops an already extensive root system from the embryonic root or the radicle
Fibrous root system
Fibrous main roots are advantageous when _________ before it evaporates in area of ______
absorbing water, dry conditions
important center for cell division
root tip
Cell division in the _____ of the root is where the developing root cells are found
apical meristem
Cells in the apical meristem
initials
Covers and protects the apical meristem
Root cap
Young root cap cells
Columella cells
Columella cells contain ____ to detect gravity
amyloplast
Once the cells from the apical meristem move to the periphery they are called ______
peripheral cells
Peripheral cells secrete a polysaccharide called ________ that protects and prevents desiccation
Mucigel
Inactive cells behinds the root cap is the __________
quiescent center (QC)
Three regions behind the QC
Zone of cell division, Zone of cellular elongation, and zone of cellular maturation
Add to the primary growth of the root
Zone of cell division
Increase the length and shoves the root deeper into the soil
Zone of cellular elongation
Where the cells begin differentiation
Zone of cellular maturation
The taproots are used to store food
food storage
Respiratory roots are _______
non-photosynthetic
Roots that emanate from non-root tissues
Adventitious roots
Adventitious roots may be used to _______
store food
hanging roots that support the weight of large trees
Prop roots
adventitious roots that come out from the lower nodes of the stem
Stilt roots
roots that come from the stem nodes and used to support the plant while climbing
Climbing roots
Enters crevices to support and hold epiphytes
Clinging roots
Grows at the base of the stem and spread across the soil
Buttress roots
microscopic root of parasitic plants
sucking roots / Haustoria
help the aquatic plants to float and respire
Floating roots
modified adventitious roots that can photosynthesize
Assimilatory roots
Cells that first undergo mitosis
initials
True or false: Columella cells are negatively geotropic
False
True or false: respiratory roots are negatively geotrophic
true
True or false: Stilt roots grow obliquely and shorter in length
true
Roots that are vertically elongated and horizontally compressed
buttress roots
