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Botany Lab > Lecture 2 > Flashcards

Lecture 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Ancestors of plants

A

Green algae (Charophyceae)

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2
Q

How does plants limit the loss of carbohydrates due to photorespiration

A

They have cell walls that are composed of cellulose and anti-photorespiration enzymes

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3
Q

a cluster of embryonic cells found on root and shoot tips

A

Apical meristem

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4
Q

Characteristic of life cycle present in all land plants

A

Alteration of generations

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5
Q

Where are spores produced

A

Sporangia

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6
Q

Composes the walls of the spores

A

Sporopollenin

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7
Q

What produces the gametes

A

Multicellular gametangia

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8
Q

Study of fossil plants

A

Paleobotany

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9
Q

Period where small terrestrial plants started to migrate to wet terrestrial environments

A

Ordovician period

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10
Q

The period where land plants were often non-vascular with no water-conducting cells

A

Ordovician period

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11
Q

Period where stomata appeared

A

Silurian period

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12
Q

First vascular plants with water-conducting tubes

A

Silurian period

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13
Q

Period where organ differentiation was found

A

Early Devonian

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14
Q

Appearances of horsetail, conifers, mosses, and scale trees, with primitive conifers and ferns

A

Carboniferous period

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15
Q

Period where advanced conifers dominated

A

Permian period

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16
Q

Period where cycads and ginkoes appear with deep forests

A

Permian period

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17
Q

Period where flowering plants appeared

A

Jurassic period

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18
Q

Period where modern tree appeared

A

Cretaceous period

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19
Q

Appearance of grass

A

Cenozoic period

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20
Q

Three major epochs of plants

A

Eombryophytic, Eotracheophytic, Eutracheophytic

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21
Q

Period where spore tetrads and decay-resistant walls were widespread

A

Eombryophytic

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22
Q

Periods where plants employed simple spores instead of tetrads

A

Eotracheophytic

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23
Q

Period of substantial increase in vascular plant diversity

A

Eutracheophytic

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24
Q

Period where there is a substantial increase in vascular plant diversity

A

Eutracheophytic

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25
Q

What lead to the enabling of girth among trees

A

Lignin and Lateral meristem

26
Q

Allows the conductance of carbon dioxide

A

stomata

27
Q

function of thicker seed walls

A

Prevent from drying up

28
Q

non-vascular land plants that has a flattened leafless thallus, also called as hepatics

A

Marchantiophyta

29
Q

Sporophytes that resembles a horn

A

Anthoceratophyta

30
Q

Plants with simples leaves with one cell layer attached to the stem

A

Bryophyta

31
Q

Vascular plants with microphylls

A

Lycophyta

32
Q

Vascular plants that reproduce via spores and have neither seeds nor flowers

A

Pteridophyta

33
Q

produce naked seeds

A

Cycadophyta

34
Q

monotypic taxon with only one extant

A

Gingkophyta

35
Q

Cone-bearing seed plants

A

Pinophyta

36
Q

Contains vessel elements similar to flowering plants

A

gnetophyta

37
Q

seed-producing plants

A

Magnoliophyta

38
Q

True or False: One of the problems encountered by plants during their migration to terrestrial environments was the dry and exposed environments

A

True

39
Q

True or False: Charophyceae was the closest relative of the land plants

A

True

40
Q

The stomata were an evolutionary novelty shared with algae

A

False

41
Q

Many of the plants we know today evolved during the Cretaceous period

A

True

42
Q

Terrestrial plants evolved vascular systems in response to the lack of immediate source of water in its surroundings

A

True

43
Q

Regulate gas exchange between plant and environment

A

Stomata

44
Q

What allowed the plants to break free from their dependence in water

A

Plant spores

45
Q

What does the seed do to the plant

A

The seed protects the embryo from harsh environmental conditions

46
Q

What does the waxy layer of the pansit-pansitan do?

A

reduces the rate of water lost from the leaf structure

47
Q

Difference of vascular bundles in monocots and dicots

A

Dicots have vascular bundles arranged in a ring, while monocots have xylem that is not confined in the center of the plant.

48
Q

One single and unbranched leaf vein

A

Lycophyta

49
Q

Also called hepatics

A

Marchantiophyta

50
Q

Examples of marchantiophyta

A

Liverworts

51
Q

Anthoceratophyta examples

A

Hornworts

52
Q

Bryophyta samples

A

Mosses

53
Q

Lycophytes are vascular plants with ________

A

Microphylls

54
Q

Examples of Lycophyta

A

Club mosses

55
Q

Pteridophyta have neither seeds nor flowers; leaves are complex called ________

A

Megaphylls

56
Q

Examples of pteridophyta

A

Ferns, Whisks, Ferns, and Horsetail

57
Q

Examples of cycadophyta

A

Cycads

58
Q

Examples of ginkophyta

A

Ginkgo

59
Q

Examples of Pinophyta

A

Conifers

60
Q

Gnetophyta examples

A

Gnetophytes

61
Q

Magnoliophyta examples

A

Flowering plants

62
Q

These spores form from the meiosis of _________ in the _________

A

Sporocytes in the sporangium

Botany Lab (25 decks)

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