Plant physiology

Question 1

what is a plant? (euk or prokaryote)

Answer 1

eukaryote

Question 2

where is majority of DNA located in a eukaryote?

Answer 2

the nucleus

Question 3

what does the nucleus allow for?

Answer 3

gene regulation

Question 4

eukaryotes used to be divided into what two categories?

Answer 4

plants and animals

Question 5

what are the three main features of a plant?

Answer 5

1. obtains energy via photosynthesis
2. multicellular
3. reproduces through alternation of generations

Question 6

organisms that photosynthesize are what?

Answer 6

autotrophs - “self feeder”

Question 7

how do plants capture light energy?

Answer 7

using a complex pigment system that stores energy in organic molecules

Question 8

what is a gametophyte?

Answer 8

a multicellular haploid with n chromosomes

Question 9

what is a sporophyte?

Answer 9

a multicellular diploid with 2n chromosomes

Question 10

how are plants classified?

Answer 10

based on features that have appeared over evolutionary history

Question 11

who are the progenitors of the chloroplast?

Answer 11

cyanobacteria

Question 12

where does photosynthesis occur?

Answer 12

in the chloroplast

Question 13

what is chlorophyll?

Answer 13

a pigment that absorbs light energy in the blue and some red portions of the EM system

Question 14

where is chlorophyll stored?

Answer 14

in the thylakoid membrane

Question 15

what is an endosymbiont?

Answer 15

an organism that lives within another, dissimilar organism

Question 16

how did the plant cell evolve to become what is known as a plant, today?

Answer 16

cyanobacterium entered a cell of an ancestral prokaryote, and evolved into a chloroplast through endosymbiosis. aerobic bacterium was also engulfed and became was is known today as the mitochondrion

Question 17

define endosymbiont

Answer 17

the captured cell

Question 18

what is the “Matryosha”effect?

Answer 18

secondary and tertiary endosymbiosis

Question 19

define obligate endosymbiosis

Answer 19

host cell dependent on the organelle/endosymbiont

Question 20

where did green algae likely appear from?

Answer 20

primary endosymbiosis

Question 21

what do green algae specialize in?

Answer 21

utilizing the wavelength of light found in shallow water

Question 22

define desiccation

Answer 22

to dry out thoroughly

Question 23

define a stomata

Answer 23

a system of gas exchange that can open and close allowing oxygen to travel in as well as release carbon dioxide

Question 24

what are zoospores?

Answer 24

sexual cells that are motile in water

Question 25

how do aquatic plants float?

Answer 25

have floatation devices such as gas-filled stomata and intracellular spaces

Question 26

what do plants need for growth?

Answer 26

minerals, contained in water

Question 27

how are minerals obtained?

Answer 27

via the roots or even by air by some plants

Question 28

what are the barriers to transition from aquatic to terrestrial life?

Answer 28

1. dessication
2. gas exchange
3. reproduction
4. buoyancy
5. temperature fluctuations
6. more light
7. mineral nutrition

Question 29

how did green algae transition from aquatic to terrestrial?

Answer 29

exposed to periods of drought, more complex forms of algae evolved such as liverworts and mosses