Plant physiology Flashcards

1
Q

what is a plant? (euk or prokaryote)

A

eukaryote

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2
Q

where is majority of DNA located in a eukaryote?

A

the nucleus

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3
Q

what does the nucleus allow for?

A

gene regulation

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4
Q

eukaryotes used to be divided into what two categories?

A

plants and animals

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5
Q

what are the three main features of a plant?

A
  1. obtains energy via photosynthesis
  2. multicellular
  3. reproduces through alternation of generations
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6
Q

organisms that photosynthesize are what?

A

autotrophs - “self feeder”

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7
Q

how do plants capture light energy?

A

using a complex pigment system that stores energy in organic molecules

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8
Q

what is a gametophyte?

A

a multicellular haploid with n chromosomes

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9
Q

what is a sporophyte?

A

a multicellular diploid with 2n chromosomes

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10
Q

how are plants classified?

A

based on features that have appeared over evolutionary history

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11
Q

who are the progenitors of the chloroplast?

A

cyanobacteria

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12
Q

where does photosynthesis occur?

A

in the chloroplast

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13
Q

what is chlorophyll?

A

a pigment that absorbs light energy in the blue and some red portions of the EM system

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14
Q

where is chlorophyll stored?

A

in the thylakoid membrane

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15
Q

what is an endosymbiont?

A

an organism that lives within another, dissimilar organism

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16
Q

how did the plant cell evolve to become what is known as a plant, today?

A

cyanobacterium entered a cell of an ancestral prokaryote, and evolved into a chloroplast through endosymbiosis. aerobic bacterium was also engulfed and became was is known today as the mitochondrion

17
Q

define endosymbiont

A

the captured cell

18
Q

what is the “Matryosha”effect?

A

secondary and tertiary endosymbiosis

19
Q

define obligate endosymbiosis

A

host cell dependent on the organelle/endosymbiont

20
Q

where did green algae likely appear from?

A

primary endosymbiosis

21
Q

what do green algae specialize in?

A

utilizing the wavelength of light found in shallow water

22
Q

define desiccation

A

to dry out thoroughly

23
Q

define a stomata

A

a system of gas exchange that can open and close allowing oxygen to travel in as well as release carbon dioxide

24
Q

what are zoospores?

A

sexual cells that are motile in water

25
how do aquatic plants float?
have floatation devices such as gas-filled stomata and intracellular spaces
26
what do plants need for growth?
minerals, contained in water
27
how are minerals obtained?
via the roots or even by air by some plants
28
what are the barriers to transition from aquatic to terrestrial life?
1. dessication 2. gas exchange 3. reproduction 4. buoyancy 5. temperature fluctuations 6. more light 7. mineral nutrition
29
how did green algae transition from aquatic to terrestrial?
exposed to periods of drought, more complex forms of algae evolved such as liverworts and mosses