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Biology 2 > Plant Meristems and Growth > Flashcards

Plant Meristems and Growth Flashcards

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1
Q

what are the three plant organs

A

roots, stems, and leaves

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2
Q

types of roots

A

prop
pneumatophores
storage
aerial (strangling)
buttress

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3
Q

what do short roots mean

A

the plant needs alot of water

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4
Q

a tall tree needs what roots

A

long

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5
Q

roots that store stuff for themselves

A

storage roots

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6
Q

what are potatoes

A

stems

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7
Q

what are sweet potatoes

A

roots

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8
Q

what are the different types of leaves

A

tendrils
spines
storage
reproductive
bracts

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9
Q

leaves that climbs

A

tendrils

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10
Q

how do tendrils wrap around plants

A

elongates cells differently

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11
Q

leaves that protect the plant

A

spines

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12
Q

leaves that can grow a new plant

A

reproductive leaves

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13
Q

leaves that function as petals for attraction

A

bracts

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14
Q

what is the difference between how animals and plants grow

A

1) indeterminate growth
2) Apical Based Polarity
3) Staggered maturation

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15
Q

why do plants grow so differently

A

apical meristem

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16
Q

localized tissues of plants that are comprised of stem cells

A

apical meristem

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17
Q

what do stem cells do

A

1) differentiates
2) make new cells

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18
Q

the two points were plants grow

A

shoots and roots

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19
Q

what do you need in a plants

A

outer covering
vascular system
stuff to do stuff

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20
Q

what kind of cell division does SAM use

A

anticlinal

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21
Q

what is anticlinal division used for

A

coverage

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22
Q

what are the three primary meristems

A

protoderm
ground meristem
procambium

23
Q

what does the protoderm do?

A

make outer covering

24
Q

what makes leaves

A

protoderm

25
Q

what are leaves

A

extra covering

26
Q

what are in leaves?

A

photosynthesis
xylem
phloem

27
Q

what do the procambium cells differentiate to?

A

xylem
phloem
vascular cambium

28
Q

what makes the secondary xylem and phloem

A

vascular cambium

29
Q

what does the ground meristem differentiate too?

A

parenchyma
collenchyma
sclerenchyma

30
Q

what does the parenchyma do?

A

metabolic activity like photosynthesis

31
Q

what does collenchyma does

A

thick cell that provides extra structure it is living

32
Q

what does sclerenchyma do?

A

it is dead at maturity makes wood hard structure for young plants

33
Q

what is in ground meristem

A

1) filler tissue
2) cork cambium

34
Q

what is the zone of mitosis

A

SAM

35
Q

how do cells ellongate

A

softens up cell wall and makes the cell more flexible

36
Q

what does SAM do

A

grow cells and then differentiate

37
Q

what hormone does Sam make to activate proton pumps

A

auxin

38
Q

how does SAM soften up cell wall

A

releases auxin which activates proton pumps with then dump protons into cell wall which breaks it down

39
Q

why do plants bend towards light

A

they elongate their cells to the light side of the plant

40
Q

who did the experiment of the plants bending toward light

A

Darwin and his son

41
Q

what are the three zones for the RAM

A
  1. Cell division
  2. Elongation
  3. Maturation (root hairs)
42
Q

which has longer root cap?
a plant in water
or
a plant in soil

A

plant in water

43
Q

stimulates root growth

A

auxin

44
Q

stimulates shoot growth

A

cytokinins

45
Q

what are things that are the same near as far

A

fractal

46
Q

what is more rigid
phloem or xylem

A

xylem

47
Q

what is bark made out of

A

living phloem
Periderm
–cork
–cork cambium

48
Q

functional but still dead xylem

A

sapwood

49
Q

old xylem

A

hardwood

50
Q

in a 1000 year old tree how old would the only thing alive be

A

1-2 years old

51
Q

where does old phloem get put?

A

it get packs into new phloem

52
Q

what can kill trees effectively

A

girdling it

53
Q

chemical compound that provides waterproof incasing and an example

A

Suberin and cantelope

Biology 2 (12 decks)

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