Plant Meristems and Growth Flashcards
what are the three plant organs
roots, stems, and leaves
types of roots
prop
pneumatophores
storage
aerial (strangling)
buttress
what do short roots mean
the plant needs alot of water
a tall tree needs what roots
long
roots that store stuff for themselves
storage roots
what are potatoes
stems
what are sweet potatoes
roots
what are the different types of leaves
tendrils
spines
storage
reproductive
bracts
leaves that climbs
tendrils
how do tendrils wrap around plants
elongates cells differently
leaves that protect the plant
spines
leaves that can grow a new plant
reproductive leaves
leaves that function as petals for attraction
bracts
what is the difference between how animals and plants grow
1) indeterminate growth
2) Apical Based Polarity
3) Staggered maturation
why do plants grow so differently
apical meristem
localized tissues of plants that are comprised of stem cells
apical meristem
what do stem cells do
1) differentiates
2) make new cells
the two points were plants grow
shoots and roots
what do you need in a plants
outer covering
vascular system
stuff to do stuff
what kind of cell division does SAM use
anticlinal
what is anticlinal division used for
coverage
what are the three primary meristems
protoderm
ground meristem
procambium
what does the protoderm do?
make outer covering
what makes leaves
protoderm
what are leaves
extra covering
what are in leaves?
photosynthesis
xylem
phloem
what do the procambium cells differentiate to?
xylem
phloem
vascular cambium
what makes the secondary xylem and phloem
vascular cambium
what does the ground meristem differentiate too?
parenchyma
collenchyma
sclerenchyma
what does the parenchyma do?
metabolic activity like photosynthesis
what does collenchyma does
thick cell that provides extra structure it is living
what does sclerenchyma do?
it is dead at maturity makes wood hard structure for young plants
what is in ground meristem
1) filler tissue
2) cork cambium
what is the zone of mitosis
SAM
how do cells ellongate
softens up cell wall and makes the cell more flexible
what does SAM do
grow cells and then differentiate
what hormone does Sam make to activate proton pumps
auxin
how does SAM soften up cell wall
releases auxin which activates proton pumps with then dump protons into cell wall which breaks it down
why do plants bend towards light
they elongate their cells to the light side of the plant
who did the experiment of the plants bending toward light
Darwin and his son
what are the three zones for the RAM
- Cell division
- Elongation
- Maturation (root hairs)
which has longer root cap?
a plant in water
or
a plant in soil
plant in water
stimulates root growth
auxin
stimulates shoot growth
cytokinins
what are things that are the same near as far
fractal
what is more rigid
phloem or xylem
xylem
what is bark made out of
living phloem
Periderm
–cork
–cork cambium
functional but still dead xylem
sapwood
old xylem
hardwood
in a 1000 year old tree how old would the only thing alive be
1-2 years old
where does old phloem get put?
it get packs into new phloem
what can kill trees effectively
girdling it
chemical compound that provides waterproof incasing and an example
Suberin and cantelope
