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Biology 2 > Chordates > Flashcards

Chordates Flashcards

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1
Q

when did chordates evolve

A

chamberlain explosion

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2
Q

derived traits of chordates

A
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3
Q
A

notochord

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4
Q

adaptive functions of the notochord

A
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5
Q
A

dorsal hollow nerve chord

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6
Q

what was the dorsal hollow nerve chord before

A

ventral tubes

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7
Q

what was the first pharyngeal slit

A

ear canal

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8
Q

what forms jaws

A

pharyngeal slit and arches

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9
Q

what are the chordate sub groups

A

cephalochordates
urochordates
craniates

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10
Q

what are the cephalochordates characteristics

A
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11
Q

are cephalochordate vertebrates or invertebrates

A

invertebrates

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12
Q

are urochordates vertebrates or invertebrates

A

invertebrates

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13
Q

what is an example of a urochordates

A

tunicates

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14
Q

what are the craniates characteristics

A

have a skull
2 sets of hox genes

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15
Q

are craniates vertebrates or invertebrates

A

vertebrates except mixini

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16
Q

how do you differ species apart

A

look at the teeth

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17
Q

how do vertebrates split up

A

jaws and no jaws

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18
Q

what are the two vertebrate groups with no jaw called

A
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19
Q

fish known for first dental elements

A

conodonts

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20
Q

what do fish with jaws also have

A

fish have a lateral lined system series of canals filled with water and tube in epidermis that runs lateral

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21
Q

what are the vertebrate groups with jaws called

A
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22
Q

first fish with a jaw

A

gnathostomes

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23
Q

called armed fish (strongest bite)

A

placoderms

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24
Q

example sharks skates rays

A

Chondrichthyes

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25
Q

cartilaginous fish

A

Chondrichthyes

26
Q

important feature of Chondrichthyes

A

ampullae of lorezini

27
Q

what are ampullae of lorezini

A

cells then detect electrical impulses

28
Q

what does the lateral line nerve do?

A

feel the pressure of the water and calculates the difference of water pressure to alert the fish of movement

29
Q

bonyfish

A

Osteichthyes

30
Q

what are the groups of Osteichthyes

A
31
Q

ray finned fish

A

actinopterygii

32
Q

lobed (wing) finned fish

A

sarcopterygii

33
Q

first fish to have a swim bladder

A

actinopterygii

34
Q

first fish to have a lung

A

Dipnoi

35
Q

how to make a swim bladder a lung

A
36
Q

what does actinopterygii dominate

A

open water

37
Q

what does sarcopterygii dominate

A

coastal and wetland

38
Q

what are lungs to fish

A

a derived trait

39
Q

what is a lung made from

A

a swim bladder

40
Q

first tetrapods

A

amphibia

41
Q

what type of species are amphibia

A

indicator

42
Q

what are amphibia called

A

canary in the coal mine

43
Q

what was the first thing needed to fully go on land?

A

amniotic egg

44
Q
A

amnion

45
Q
A

allantois

46
Q
A

chorion

47
Q
A

yolk sac

48
Q

what to know about reptiles

A
49
Q

what are the only two groups that are derived from amphibia

A

reptiles and mammals

50
Q

what did reptiles give rise two

A

birds

51
Q

what are reptiles scales made out of

A

keratin

52
Q

what bone structure does reptiles have?

A

honey comb

53
Q

endothermic

A

generating heat and losing it to the system

54
Q

ectothermic

A

gaining heat from environment

55
Q

homeothermic

A

maintaining consistent body temp

56
Q

poikilothermic

A

fluctuates in body temp

57
Q

what are the derived traits if mammals

A

milk and fur

58
Q

what were the first mammals

A

Prototheria

59
Q

first true mammals

A

Eutheria

60
Q

what are the two mammal groups

A

Eutheria
Prototheria

61
Q

benefits of internal development

A

Biology 2 (12 decks)

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