Mechanisms of Evolution Flashcards
what are the mechanisms of evolution?
natural selection
mutation
gene flow or migration
drift
where does drift operate?
small populations
what does natural selection reduce?
variation
where does variation usually come from?
mutations
which takes more time and effort
sexual or asexual reproduction
sexual reproduction
which makes more variation
sexual or asexual reproduction
sexual reproduction
the value of a trait
trait value
how a population changes over time
evolution
evolution is after what?
reproduction
evolution can not happen without what?
heritability
model that show what would happen if things weren’t evolving
[null theory]
Hardy-Weinberg
what were the assumptions of the Hardy-Weinberg model
– No NS on the trait in question
– Random mating
– No mutation
– No migration
– Pop is infinite size
Hardy-Weinberg Model conclusions
- Allele frequencies do not change over
time. - Given allele frequencies, we can predict
genotype frequencies, if no evolution
occurring.
Homozygote alleles means what?
alot of inbreeding
Heterozygote alleles means what?
alot of outbreeding
when a large diverse population becomes small and then back to a large non-diverse population
bottleneck effect
genetic simplification
bottleneck
what drift is seen in
bottleneck effect and foundering effect
what happens to diversity because of drift?
It decreases
what are the type of selections
directional
stabilizing
disruptive
frequency dependent
trait goes in one direction
directional selection
keeping a trait where it is
stabilizing selection
average is what selection is against
disruptive selection
having an advantage when rare
frequency dependent
what causes a generation to change?
selection
