plant kingdom Flashcards
algae
general characters
1.thalloid{root stem leaf}
2.vascular tissue
3.embryo seed fruit flower
4.zygote
5. chlorophyll (autotrophic)
- absent
2.absent
3.absent
4, present - present
algae habitat
lichen?
algae fungal association
algae on animal (sloth bear)
MOSTLY AQUATIC
>fresh water and marine
MOIST ROCK SOIL WOOD
lichen
epizoic algae - trichophilous
classification of algae
1.criteria
2. types
3.habitat
4.phyCOcolloid / hydrocolloid
h2o absorbing capacity
5.food
6.forms
7,pigments
8.colour
9.shape of chloroplast
10.pyrenoid
11 stored food
12 cell wall
13body division(3 parts)
14 vegetative reproduction
15 asexual spore
16 zoospore
17 flagella in zoospore
18 sexual reproduction
a. isogamous
b. anisogamous
c. oogamous
19 gametes
20 male sex organ
21 female sex organ
22 chara
23 fertilization
24 cell wall
25 greater conc
26 both lighted region and dark
27 food similar to amylopectin and glycogen
28 body organization
29 post fertilization
30 vegetative cell
31 protoplast
32 kelp/ massive body
33 sloth bear
34 life cycle
- > cell wall
flagella
stored food
type of pigment MAIN
2.
chlorophyceae GREEN
phaeophyceae BROWN
rhodophyceae RED
- > -fresh h2o
-brackish
-marine-fresh h2o RARE
-brackish
-marine MAIN-fresh h2o SOME
-brackish
-marine MAIN
4.
>NO
>ALGIN
>
-agar agar ( labs microbes, ice cream and jellies)
GRACILARIA
GELIDIUM
CARROGEEN
5.
>chlorella —-
2nd major source of protein (space food)
protista kingdom unicellular eukaryote
>
sargassum (marine)
laminaria
>
porphyra(marine) among 70 species of marine algae used as food
6.
>
unicellular – chlorella NM . chlamydomonas M
colonial– volvax eudorina
filamentous - ulothrix M
spirogyra NM
>variation in size or formsk
SIMPLE BRANCHED FILAMENTOUS——-ectocarpous
PROFUSELY BRANCHED(kelps)
sargassum
laminaria
UPTO 100M
>COMPLEX BODY ORGANISM
richest source of protein
spirulina bga
male and female gametophyte(haploid)
have sex organs called antheridium and oogonium
which undergo mitosis to form male gamete and female gamete
fertilization to form zygote (sporophytic)
undergoes meiosis
k
types of bryophyte
common habitat
leaves stem root fruit seed _____
vascular tissue _______
_____sporous
_____ economic importance
such as
EGOLOGICAL IMP
order of ecological succession
liverworts
mosses
moist shaded areas in hills
absent thalloids
absent
homosporous
little economic importance
>mosses are food for herbaceous
>sphagnum moss sp provide peat used as fuel + and packing material for trans shipment of living material cuz of water holding capacity
> lichen and mosses produce acid which causes weathering of rock
inorg part of rock fragments and organic parts of lichen mix and form soil
mosses replaces lichen on rock as its more favourable
replacement of one community by another is known as ecological succession
> prevention of soil erosion as mosses form dense mats on soil
lichen < moss< herbs< shrubs < tree
LIVERWORTS
1. 2 structures green prostate one known as__________ red erect one known as__________
2. gametophytes
>color
>no.of cells
> ploidy
>produce gamete by______
>photosynthesis?
3. sporophyte
>color
>no.of cells
> ploidy
>produce spores by______
>photosynthesis?
4. attachment (appressed) to substratum by hair like structures called __________ which is a part of _____________
hence no.of cells and ploidy?
5 LIFE CYCLE
> gametophyte contains________ aka_________
- shape of female sex organ
- what does sex organ produce
- no.of flagella in gamete
- what happens to released male gamete
- since h2o needed for fertilisation bryophytes are known as
________
- zygote development
- division of sporophyte into __ parts
-formation of spore
-fate of spore
-generation from zygote to spore mother cell is_______
and from spore to gametes is _________
6 body _____ differentiated than algae
7 habitat
8 structure of thallus is
9 members have leaf like appendages in ____ rows on stem like structures
but leaf and stem are _____
10 asexual reproduction takes place by
- gametophyte , sporophyte
2
>green
>multicellular
> haploid
>mitosis
>photosynthetic / freeliving / independent
3
>non green
>multicellular
> diploid
>produce spores by meiosis
>non photosynthetic/dependent
on gametophyte for food / not freeliving
4
rhizoid , gametophyte
unicellular , haploid
5
> male and female sex organs known as antheridium and archegonium
- flask shaped
- MSO produces male gamete biflagellated
FSO produces large egg
>male gamete released need h2o
and enter archegonium
and fertilization occurs to form zygote in archegonium
-amphibians of plant kingdom
- zygote> embryo> sporophyte
zygote doesnt undergo meiosis immediately
- 3 parts
foot seta capsule
-capsule contains spore mother cell
which undergoes meiosis to form spore
- capsule release spore
(SIMPLE METHOD)
which germinate to form gametophyte
DIRECT SPORE GERMINATION
- sporophytic generation , gametophytic generation
6 body more differentiated than algae
7 moist shady
river banks
marshy ground
damp soil
tree bark
deep in woods
8 dorsi ventral
9 two , absent
10 fragmentation or gemmae
amphibians of plant kingdom
bryophytes
first time embryo seen in
bryophytes
gemma cup
- found in
- inside gemma cup
- fate of gemma
monoecious
- sex organs
dioecious
- sex organ
- structure
-cup like structures on dorsal surface of gametophyte
- gemma
green
asexual buds
multicellular
- detach and released from thallus or parent which germinate and form new bryophyte
monoecious
thallus contains both MSO AND FSO
embedded in thallus
both gametes from same thallus
dioecious
thallus contains either FSO or MSO
and sex organs are stalked
female has better flower like structure known as archegonia
and flower like structure in male known as antheridia
stalk in female known as archegoniophore
and stalk in male known as antheridiophore
gametes from different thallus
MOSSES
1 gametophyte divided into ______, _______ & ________
2 stem like structure
_______divided into ____ branches called ________&___________
they are _______
root like structure
___________ is _______
no.of cells
3 sex organ
4. archegonium division
5. life cycle HAPLODIPLONTIC
-male gamete known as
- male gamete fate
- zygote development
- division of sporophyte into __ parts
-formation of spore
-fate of spore
- protonema significance
generation from zygote to spore mother cell is_______
and from spore to gametes is _________
6 protonema
> colour
> branched?
> shape
7 gametophyte generation contains 2 stages
8 asexual reproduction
1stem like , root like & leaf like
2 axis 2 female branch& male branch
leafy
rhizoid branched and multicellular
3 leafy stage on apex of branch bear sex organ
antheridium and archegonium
4 archegonium divided into foot seta and capsule which are part of sporophyte
5
-anthrozoids
- male gametes enter archegonium
and fertilization occur and zygote forms
- zygote> embryo> sporophyte
-3 foot seta capsule
capsule further divided into 3 parts
hence sporophyte of mosses is more complex
-capsule contains spore mother cell
which undergoes meiosis to form spore
- capsule release spore (COMPLEX METHOD )
which germinate to form PRIMARY PROTONEMA
- PRIMARY PROTONEMA contain buds which germinate to form secondary protonema which contains lateral buds which germinate to form gametophyte
INDIRECT SPORE GERMINATION
- sporophytic generation gametophytic generation
6
green
yes
filamentous
7
protonema
leafy stage
8
fragmentation
budding in secondary protonema (lateral buds)
sporophyte
in
liverwort
mosses
1 liverwort
completely dependent on gametophyte
gametophyte is dominant stage
2
both sporophyte and gametophyte photosynthetic
sporophyte depend on G only for water
thus partially dependent
gametophyte is predominant stage
1st time root stem leaf
and vascular tissue
seen in
pteridophytes
PTERIDOPHYTE
1Main body
2 fruit seed
3 types of leaves
4 leaves known as
5 sporophyll aggregate to form
6 dotted structures on sporophyll
7 types of pteridophyte
8 IMPORTANCE
9 habitat
1 sporophytic
2 absent
3
>small leaf - microphylls
>large leaf - macrophyll
4 sporophyll
5 strobilus / cone
6 sporangia
7
homosporous ( mostly)
heterosporous
8
>medicinal
>ornamental
>soil binders to prevent soil erosion
9
cool damp shady regions
in sandy saline soil as well
same HAPLODIPLONTIC life cycle of
HOMOSPOROUS PTERIDOPHYTE
> main plant body
>sporophyte contains
> cell in sporangia and its fate
> fate of spore( forms)
>prothallus (inconspicuous)
- photosyn?
-known as
> prothallus has
> sporophyte independent??
gametophyte independent??
> sporophyte
sporophyll which contains sporangia
spore mother cell undergoes meiosis to form spore which is released
spore germinates to form PROTHALLUS
yes photosynthetic
known as thalloid and gametophyte
MSO AND FSO
anthridium produced motile male gamete
needs water enters archegonium which contains egg
fertilisation to form zygote embryo then sporophyte
> yes both sporophyte and gametophyte both free living
