Microbes

Question 1

HOUSEHOLD USES

Answer 1

Curd
Cheese
>swiss
>roquefort
>camembertii
Dough [idli/dosa]
Dough [bread]
Toddy
Fish/soybean/bamboo shoot

Question 2

Curd

Answer 2

Lactobacillus acidophilus + LAB
Small amount of curd is used as inoculum > bacteria grow > produces acid> coagulation + partially digests milk protein

1.increases vitB12 content
2. Checks microbe growth in stomach

Question 3

Cheese

Answer 3

A. Swiss cheese
Propioni bacterium shamanii
Lactose>lactic acid> prionic acid + CO2
LARGE HOLES

B. Roquefort cheet
Penicillin roqueforti
Ripening + flavour

C. Camembertii
Penicillin camembertii

Question 4

Dough

Answer 4

A. Idli / dosa
>streptococcus
> leuconostoc

B. Bread
Saccharomyces cerevisiae[bakers yeast]
Starch [amylase]maltose[maltase]
glucoes[zymase]ethanol + co2
LEAVENING + SWELLING

Question 5

Toddy + extra

Answer 5

South indian traditional drink
> yeast
> sap extracted from spadices (inflorescence) from palm >
CARYOTA URENS

Extra
Fermentation of
bamboo shoot
Fish
Soybean

Question 6

InIndustrial scale production requires growing microbes in large vessels called =

Industrial products

Answer 6

Fermentors

Fermented beverages
Antibiotics
Chemicals
Bioactive molecules

Question 7

Fermented beverages
Microbe
Substrate used
Types + basis
Most alcohol conc and least

Answer 7

> mostly yeast = saccharomyces cereviciae [brewers yeast]
Substrates used =
molasses [MOST COMMON]
cereals
Fruit juices
Produces ethanol

Basis: raw material processing

w Distillation
Vodka highest 60 80 potato
Brandy 60 70 fruit juice
Whiskey 50 cereal
Rum 40 molasses
Gin 40 rye

Without Distillation
Wine 9 12 fruit juice
Beer 3 6 barley

Question 8

CHEMICALS

BIOACTIVE MOLECULES
Streptomycin

Answer 8

Citric acid - aspergillus niger F
Lactic acid - lactobacillus B
Acetic acid- acetobacteraceti B
Butyric acid -clostridium butylicum B
Ethanol - saccharomyces cereviciae YF
Enzymes
>lipase > detergent + oil stains
>pectinase /protease > clarification FJ
>streptokinase
streptococcus
Clot buster used in myocardial infarction + heart attack patients

Aspergillus Niger + Penicillin => gluconic acid

A.cyclosporin A
>trichoderma polysporum F
>immunosuppressive in organ transplant

B.statins
>monscus purpureus
> lowers blood cholesterol by competitive inhibiting( mevalonate) Enzyme producing cholesterol [HMG coA]
Beta hydroxy beta methyl glutamic CoA reductase

Streptomycin - streptomyces gnseus

Question 9

What are antibiotics?
Discovery?
>antibiotic
>scientist
Pull potential brought out by?
Award?
Treatment of disease

Answer 9

Chemicals secreted by some microbes that kill/retard growth of disease causing microbes
B3nefitial for humans

Penicillin [serendipity] most sig disc of 20th century
Alexander Fleming >Grew staphylococcus in petridish
Dint grow in Petridish containing mould > mould = Penicillium notatum
Chemical = Penicillin

Ernest chain + Howard florey
Used to treat soldiers in WW2

noble prize [1945] all 3

Whooping cough (kali khansi)
Leprosy (kusht rog)
Diphtheria (gal ghotu)
Plague