biological classification Flashcards
1st classification
given by
________ approach
criteria
division
Aristotle
scientific
morphological character
1. PLANT
herb
shrub
tree
2.ANIMAL
anaima rbc absent
enaima rbc present
2 KINGDOM CLASF
given by
criteria
divison
why cell wall?
>organisms that didnt fall in any category
drawback
linnaeus
presence or absence of cell wall
1.PLANTAE
cell wall present
bacteria prok (mainly heterotroph)
fungi euk ( heterto)
2.ANIMALIA
protozoa(amoeba + paramecium)
easy to categorise
euglena didnt have cell wall but photosynthesis seen thus wasnt the best classification
drawback
> both prok and euk in same kingdom
> autotroph and heterotroph undifferentiated
>multi and unicellular same kingdom
- algae
multi- spirogyra
uni- chlorella chlamydomonas
fungi mainly multicellular
> cell wall composition of fungi and plant diff
three kingdom classification
given by
division
Haeckel
1.protista unicellular
- chlorella and chlamydomonas
-protozoa
bacteria
fungus
1st time chlorella chlamydomonas
amoeba and paramecium in same kingdom
2. plantae
3. animalia
4 kingdom classification
division
1.plantae
2.animalia
3.protista
4. Monera
>bacteria
>blue green algae
>archaebacteria
5 kingdom classification
date
given by
divison
chlorella chlamy amoeba and paramecium location?
1969
RH WHITTAKER
1.plantae
2.animalia
3.protista
4.monera
5.fungi
protista
criteria MPFPA for 5 kingdom classification
non criteria
criteria
1.cell structure
M prok
P euk
F euk
P euk
A euk
2. body organization
M Unicellular
P unicellular
F mostly multicellular
yeast ( unicellular)
loose tissue
P multi
tissue + organ
A multi
organ system
3.reproduction
M asexual
P asex + sex
F asex + sex
P asex ( vegetative) + sex
A sexual only
4.nutrition
M
photoautotroph
chemoautotroph
heterotroph mainly
P
photoautotroph
heterotroph (saprophytic/parasitic/holozoic)
F
heterotroph( sapro + parasitic )
P
autotrophic
A
heterotrophic (sapro / parasitic/ holozoic)
5. phylogeny (evolutionary history)
non criteria
cell wall comp
M non cellulose
P cellulosic
F NC
P C
A absent
six kingdom classification
given by
division
no.of domains
CARL WOES
monera
DOMAIN 1 ARACHE
>archarbacteria (primitive)
DOMAIN 2 BACTERIA
>eubacteria
DOMAIN 3 EUKARYA
protista
fungi
plantae
animalia
NO.OF DOMS =3
MONERA
1.Sole member
2.found everywhere? number of bac in handful of soil
3.most harsh conditions
4. shape
5. structure + behaviour
6.nutrition
photolitho autotroph
>types
chemosynthetic autotroph
chemical co2 inorg compound
>types
>eg of nitrifying bacteria
heterotrophic
>types
>nitrogen fixation examples
>parasitic diseases
7. reproduction
favorable condition & unfavorable condition
8.
>sort of sexual reproduction known as ______________
>types
1.bacteria
2. yes 100
3.
hot spring
desert
cold
deep ocean
4.
coccus
bacillus
vibrio
spirillum
5.simple + complex
6.
>photolitho autotroph
light co2 H2S (electron proton source)
a) purple sulphur bacteria
b)green sulphur bacteria
> chemosynthetic autotroph
chemical co2 inorg compound
a)nitrifying bacteria
ammonia to nitrite nitrosomonas+nitrococcus
nitrite to nitrate
nitrobacter+nitrocystis
b) iron bacteria
c) sulphur bacteria
> heterotrophic
a) mostly saprophytic (decomposers)
b) human welfare
c) nitrogen fixation
-symbiotic (when free living aerobic)
anaerobic in symbiosis
RHIZOBIUM
FRANKIA
- free living aerobic
azotobacter
beijerinckia
rhodospirillum
- free living anaerobic
clostridium
d)parasitic
typhoid- salmonella
cholera-vibrio
tetanus-clostridium
citrus conker- xanthomonas citri
REPRODUCTION
asexual
favorable condition - binary fission (AMITOSIS)dna rep prior to fission
unfavorable condition-spore formation ( ENDOSPORE)
- primitive dna transfer (genetic recomb)
sort of sexual reproduction
1.conjugation
transfer via conjugation tube
2.transformation
dna from solution to bacteria
3.transduction
transfer through virus
rhizobium
gram strain
shape
location
g-
rod like
root of legumes
frankia
gram strain
shape
location
g+
filamentous
roots of non legumes ( alnus + casurina)
ARCHAEBACTERIA
1. why can they survive in harsh or adverse conditions
2. diff between archae and eubac
>cell wall
>histone protein
>lipid in cell membrane
3. types
obligate anaerobic?
- > different cell wall structure
branched chain lipid
2.
cell wall
A pseudomrein
E peptidoglycan/murein
histone protein
A present
E absent
lipid in cell membrane
A branched lipid
E straight chain lipid
3.
methanogens
>marshy regions
>rumen- methanobacterium / rumenococcus(symbiotic)
halophiles
>saline conditions
thermoacidophiles
>high temp
>low ph
‘methanogen - OBLIGATE ANAEROBIC
MYCOPLASMA
1 cell wall
2 shape
3 penicillin
4 discovery
5 is it bacteria?
6 is it virus
7 can survive in absence of oxygen?
8 pathogenic?
1 cell wall comp
2 ribosome
3 histone
4 non histone protein
5 nucleolus
6 nuclear membrane
7 true chromosome
8 false chromosome
9 membrane bound organelles
10 chlorophyll
1 NO
2 no def shape – PLEOMORPHIC
3 insensitive
4 cattle pleural fluid – pneumonia –PPLO aka mycoplasma
5 no , can pass thru bacterial filter
6 no, it can grow on synthetic medium
7 yes
8 yeah
1 no
2 70s
3 x
4 yes
5 x
6 x
7 x
8 ds circular naked sometimes linear
9 x
10 x no photosynthesis
smallest cell / smallest prok
mycoplasma
blue green algae
1 cell wall comp
2 ribosome
3 histone
4 non histone protein
5 nucleolus
6 nuclear membrane
7 true chromosome
8 false chromosome
9 membrane bound organelles
10 chlorophyll
11 pigment
12 red colour of red sea due to
13 phycobillins
14 forms
15 habitat
1 peptidoglycon (many layers)
2 70s
3 no
4 yes
5 no
6 no
7 no
8 ds circular naked
9 no
10 chlorophyll a oxygenic photosynthesis
11 chla carotene xanthophyll
12 trichodesmium
13 phycobillins water soluble pigs
> c-phycocynin (blue)
>c-phycoerythrin (red)
14
unicellular
colonial
filamentous
15
fresh water
marine
terrestrial
bacteria
1 cell wall comp
2 ribosome
3 histone
4 non histone protein
5 nucleolus
6 nuclear membrane
7 true chromosome
8 false chromosome
9 membrane bound organelles
10 chlorophyll
1 peptidoglycon
2 70s
3 x
4 yes
5 x
6 x
7 x
8 ds circular naked
9 x
10 x (bacteriophyll) non oxygenic photosyn
BGA richest source of protein space food
space food
spirulina
nostoc/anabaena symbiosis with pteridophyte
gymnosperm
aulosira
leaves of azolla –increase rice production
corolloid root of cycas
free living increase rice
water or algal bloom
heterocyst
excessive growth of bga in polluted h2o . and consumption of oxygen danger to aquatic life
some filamentous algae(nostoc)
large specialized cells thick wall impermeable to o2
NOSTOC
ENZYME- Nitrogenase
PROTISTA
1 general characters
2 habitat
3 some biologist call them
4 boundary
5 nucleus
6 membrane bound organelle
7 movement
8 reproduction
sexual
asexual
9
10
1 unicell euk
2 mostly aquatic
3 some biologist call them
plants cuz chlorophyll
some call them photosynthetic protists
4 boundary not well defined as they show characters of plant animal and fungi
5 nucleus well defined
6 membrane bound organelle yes
7 cilia flagella pseudopodia
8 reproduction
sexual
-gamete fusion
-zygote
asexual
binary fission
CHRYSOPHYTES
1 includes___&______
2habitat
3 movement
4cell wall
5 nutrition mode
6 hard substance on sea floor
7 chief producer in ocean
8 pigment
9 texture
10 uses
1 includes diatoms and desmids(golden algae)
2 marine and fresh water
3 water current (plankton)
4cell wall 2 soap box shape embedded with silica thus indestructible
5 nutrition mode mostly photosyn
6cell wall at botteom ..hard layer known as diatomaceous earth /diatomite/kelselgurh
7 phytoplankton
8 chla and chlc
9 gritty / hard
10
filteration of oil
stone polishing
