Plant Growth & Development Flashcards
Pgrs
Aka
______molecules
_______chemical composition
Specific /non specific
Phytohormones
Simple
Variable
Specific
Pgr
Promoter
Inhibitor
Both I>P
- Auxin
Cytokinin
Gibberlin [GA] - Abscissic acid [aba]
- Ethylene
discovery of pgrs
1.AUXIN
>Type of light & plant used
>what happened
>darwin & darwin
>FW WENT
>ANIMAL ISOLATION
2.GIBBERLIN
>year
>scientist
> explanation
>made by
3.CYTOKININ
>year
>scientist + what he did
>isolation done by?
>naturally occurring chemical compound in plant
>NUMBER
> TYPES
>first discovered and intensively studied
4.ABA
>year
>diff names given by 3 scientist
>aka
>_______abscission + dormancy
_______ metabolism
- ETHYLENE
>year
>scientist
>marketed as aq soln known as
>______ substance responsible for ________ of oranges
fruiting ripening caused by increase in ________/________
1.
> unilateral illumination of light & canary grass
> bending of coleoptile towards light– phototropism
>bending of shoot tip due to transmissible influence
tip covered no bending
tip uncovered bending seen therefore tip makes auxin
>auxin isolated for first time from oat ( avena sativa )
>human urine first animal from which auxin isolated
2.
>1926
> E kurosawa
>rice —-giberella fugikori (fungus)
——>foolish seedling disease/bakane disease
(increase in growth but frail)
>fungi and plant
3.
>1955
>skoog
tobacci callus(internode) in presence of
COCONUT MILK
DNA OF VASCULAR TISSUE EXTRACT
YEAST EXTRACT
leads to shooting
and in presence of auxin leads to shooting
>isolation done by MILLER
from autoclaved HERRING SPERM DNA—->purine—adenine—KINETIN ( doesnt naturally occur in plant)
>in ZEA MAYS (corn)—-zeatin(also in coconut milk)
>more than 100
>GA1,GA2,GA3
>GA3
4.
>1955
>abscissin 2 , inhibin-b , dormin
>stress hormone + antitranspirant hormone
>increase, inhibits
- > 1910
cousins
ethephone
volatile(mm 28amu), ripening ,
respiratory rate/ respirator climatic
most widely used pgr
ethylene
pgrs antagonistic to each other mostly
GA AND ABA
AUXIN ABSCISSON
young plants
mature plants
young plants decreased
mature plants increased
FUNCTIONS
1.auxin
>natural
>synthetic
>parthenocarpy
>apical dominance
- GA
>Malting
>bolting
>length
>internode length
>hastens maturity period
>abscission in
>delay senescene - cytokinin SACS
>shooting
>chlorophyll
>apical dom
>senescence - ABA
>main
>inhibits
>promote
>withstands desiccation by inducing _________ - ethylene
>inhibitory
>internode length and petiole increase in
>promotor
1.
>indole acetic acid IAA
indole butyric acid iba
>naphthalene acetic acid NAA
2,4 dichlorophenoxyacetic acid—weedicide for dicot weeds
>seedless fruit in tomato
>apical bud decapacitation axillary growth and later buds in TEA hedge making
2.
>brewery industry GA3
>
>grapestalk
sugarcane 20tonns/acre
>rosette habit : cabbage beet
>early seed set production
in CONIFERS
>in apple
3.
>increases lateral + adventitious
>increases nutrient utilization and mobilization
>overcomes AD
>DELAyed
4.aba
> abscission + dormancy
>seed germination + plant metabolism
>stomata closure + tolerance to stresses+ senescence
>dormancy
5.ethylene
> abscission in COTTON WALLNUT CHERRY
leaf flower thinning of fruit
senescence fruit ripening
>DEEP WATER RICE
>breaks seed dormancy in groundnut
breaks bud in potato tuber
initiates flowering in PINAPPLE MANGO AND FEMALE CUCUMBER
promotes root growth and root hair formation
1.initiates rooting
2.promotes rooting
3.initiates flowering in pineapple
4.promotes flowering in pineapple
5.overcomes apical dom
1.auxin
2.ethylene
3.ethylene
4.auxin
5.cytokinin
pgr made of
1 auxin
2 gibberlin
3 cytokinin
4 abscisic acid
5 ethylene
1 INDOLE ACETIC ACID
2 terpene derivative
3 adenine derivative
N6 furfuryl amino purine
kinetin
4. carotenoid derivative
5.gaseous
precursor
1 auxin
2 gibberlin
3 cytokinin
4 abscisic acid
5 ethylene
1 tryptophan
2 acetyl CoA
3 adenine
4 carotenoid
5 gaseous
bio assay
1 auxin
2 gibberlin
3 cytokinin
4 abscisic acid
5 ethylene
1 avena curvature test
2 dwarf maize plant test -
bolting
internode length increases
abscission decreases
alpha amylase test
malting
breaks starch to maltose helping in seed germination
3 chlorophyll preservation test
4 stomata closure test
5 triple resonance test
- stops vertical growth
- apical hook formation
-horizontal growth (axis thick)
phases of growth
regions
parallel line method
region of elongation -
vacuolation
cell wall deposition
region of meristem
plasmodesmata
region of maturation
protoplasmic modification
draw parallel lines to see if there has been any growth or not
> growth rates
1 relative
2 absolute
formula
> conditions of growth
1 internal
2 external
_______ helps in growth
> types
1 arithmetic
-rate nature
- slope of growth vs time
-expression
2 geometric
-rate nature
- slope of growth vs time
-parts of the slope
-expression
> measurement
increase in protoplasm difficult to measure hence
measurement of ____ done by_____
- leaves
- pollen tube
-fruit
-RAM Of maize
_______ new cells/hr
- watermellon
increase by _______ times
> is growth
conspicuous
fundamental
irreversible
indeterminate / open ( exception)
> which type of metabolism is greater
> all cells are descendants of_________
> 1 final- initial/ initial
2 final - initial
> 1 internal
a. intracellular
genetic material
b. intercellular
PGRS sent from one to another
2 external
turgidity
a. nutrients
- synthesis of protoplasm
micro and macro
- acts as energy source
b. water
- medium for reactions
-maintains turgidity
c. o2
-atp formation
-releases metabolic energy essential
d. optimal temp
- increase enzymatic activity
e. gravity + light
- geotropism phototropism
> types
1 arithmetic
-constant rate
- straight line
- Lt = L0 + rt
r - relative rate/ efficiency index
2 geometric
-exponential rate
- sigmoid
- lag > exponential / log>asympote
- Wt= W0 e^rt
> measurement
- surface area
- length
- volume
- no.of cells
17500
- cell size
3.5 LAKH
> is growth
yes
yes
yes
yes - except fruit parts where abscission occurs after attaining limited size
>
anabolism > catabolism
> zygote
plasticity
- aka
- what is it
- due to ( w example)
- heterophylly
- making organs of diff shape and size
- a. environmental conditions (buttercup)
b. diff phases of life
( cotton coriander larkspur)
development
- what
- when to when
-flow chart
what does differentiation lead to
- growth + differentiation
- seed germination - senescence
- cell —(self perpetuate/ plasmatic growth/ cell division)— cell —-(elongate)—-> differentiation> dedifferentiation> redifferentiation> senescence > death
change in protoplasm
change in cell wall
