Plant defences

Question 1

What are the 4 physical defences?

Answer 1

Lignin
Stomata
Tylose
Callose

Question 2

What are the 4 chemical defences?

Answer 2

Antifungal
Toxin
Insecticide
Antibacterial

Question 3

How does lignin protect plants against disease?

Answer 3

It’s a waterproof substance that can thicken cell walls and prevent them being digested by pathogens

Question 4

How do stomata protect plants against disease?

Answer 4

If natural openings to plants are closed, it prevents pathogen entry

Question 5

How does tylose protect plants against disease?

Answer 5

Blockage is the xylem vessels so any pathogens carried in water cannot spread throughout the plant

Question 6

How does callose protect plants against disease?

Answer 6

A chemical deposited in cell walls, sieve plates and plasmodesmata in response to pathogen attack, reducing spread.

Question 7

How do antifungal chemicals protect plants against disease?

Answer 7

Chemicals such as chitinase kill fungi

Question 8

How do toxins protect plants against disease?

Answer 8

Chemicals such as cyanide kill anything that tries to ingest them.

Question 9

How do insectacides protect plants against disease?

Answer 9

Normally alkaloid substances like nicotine that are toxic to insects (vectors)

Question 10

How do antibacterial compounds protect plants against disease?

Answer 10

They break down membranes of cell walls of prokaryotic pathogens.

Question 11

Why is it important to research plant responses to disease?

Answer 11

Can better protect by using chemicals and genetically engineering plants that are important crops and sources of medicine