Pathogens

Question 1

What is a pathogen?

Answer 1

A microorganism that causes disease

Question 2

What are the 4 types of pathogen?

Answer 2

Bacteria
Fungi
Viruses
Protoctista

Question 3

What are the 3 examples of bacteria?

Answer 3

Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Neisseria meningitidis/Streptococcus pneumoniae
Clavibacter michiganensis.

Question 4

What are the 3 examples of fungi?

Answer 4

Trichophyton rubrum
Mycosphaerella fijiensis
Trichophyton verrucosum

Question 5

What are the 3 examples of viruses?

Answer 5

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
Influenza
Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV)

Question 6

What are the 2 examples of protoctista?

Answer 6

Plasmodium species (eg plasmodium falciparum)
Phytophthora infestans

Question 7

What is Mycobacterium tuberculosis?

Answer 7

TB

Question 8

What is Neisseria meningitidis?

Answer 8

Meningitus

Question 9

What is Streptococcus pneumoniae?

Answer 9

Meningitus

Question 10

What is Clavibacter michiganensis?

Answer 10

Ring rot (potatoes and tomatoes)

Question 11

What is Trichophyton rubrum?

Answer 11

Athletes foot

Question 12

What is Mycosphaerella fijiensis?

Answer 12

Black sigatoka (bananas)

Question 13

What is Trichophyton verrucosum?

Answer 13

Ringworm (cattle)

Question 14

What is Human immunodeficiency disease?

Answer 14

HIV (a retrovirus)

Low immunity

Question 15

What is influenza?

Answer 15

‘flu

Question 16

What is tobacco mosaic virus (TMV)?

Answer 16

Leaf discolouration
(Fruit slower to ripen)
(Leaves may die)
(Reduce seed/fruit yield)

Question 17

What do the plasmodium species such as plasmodium falciparum cause?

Answer 17

Malaria

Question 18

What is phytophthora infestans?

Answer 18

Potato blight (can also be in tomatoes)

Question 19

What are the 4 indirect ways pathogens are spread in animals?

Answer 19

Waterborne
Food
Vectors
Airborne

Question 20

What are vectors?

Answer 20

Animals that carry the pathogen (Female Anopheles mosquitoes - malaria)

Question 21

What is an example of a waterborne disease?

Answer 21

Cholera

Question 22

What is an example of a food spread disease?

Answer 22

Salmonella

Question 23

What is an example of an airborne disease?

Answer 23

‘flu

Question 24

What are the 3 direct ways pathogens are spread in animals?

Answer 24

Droplets (coughing/sneezing)
Direct contact
Bodily fluids (Blood, semen etc)

Question 25

What is an example of a droplet spread disease?

Answer 25

'flu/TB

Question 26

What is an example of a contact spread disease?

Answer 26

Athletes foot

Question 27

What is an example of a bodily fluid spread disease?

Answer 27

HIV

Question 28

What are plants most affected by?

Answer 28

Fungi

Question 29

What are the 3 ways pathogens are spread in plants?

Answer 29

Airborne (fungi produces spores) Vectors (Insects) Vehicle (Non living things like chainsaws)

Question 30

What is an example of a plant disease that is airborne?

Answer 30

Black sigatoka

Question 31

What is an example of a plant disease that is spread by vectors?

Answer 31

Dutch Elm disease

Question 32

What is an example of a plant disease that is spread by vehicles?

Answer 32

Dutch Elm disease

Question 33

How does HIV cause disease?

Answer 33

Pathogen infiltrates and lives inside T helper cells, gradually weakening the immune system.

Question 34

How does meningitis cause disease?

Answer 34

Pathogen replicates in the meninges of the brain, causing swelling. Can spread to the blood where it causes septicemia.

Question 35

How does Athlete's foot cause disease?

Answer 35

Pathogen lives on and digests damp skin around the toes causing a red rash.

Question 36

How does malaria cause disease?

Answer 36

Pathogen invades red blood cells and liver causing fever, vomiting and weakening of the immune system.