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Biology module 4 > Pathogens > Flashcards

Pathogens Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a pathogen?

A

A microorganism that causes disease

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2
Q

What are the 4 types of pathogen?

A

Bacteria
Fungi
Viruses
Protoctista

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3
Q

What are the 3 examples of bacteria?

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Neisseria meningitidis/Streptococcus pneumoniae
Clavibacter michiganensis.

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4
Q

What are the 3 examples of fungi?

A

Trichophyton rubrum
Mycosphaerella fijiensis
Trichophyton verrucosum

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5
Q

What are the 3 examples of viruses?

A

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
Influenza
Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV)

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6
Q

What are the 2 examples of protoctista?

A 
Plasmodium species (eg plasmodium falciparum)
Phytophthora infestans
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7
Q

What is Mycobacterium tuberculosis?

A

TB

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8
Q

What is Neisseria meningitidis?

A

Meningitus

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9
Q

What is Streptococcus pneumoniae?

A

Meningitus

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10
Q

What is Clavibacter michiganensis?

A

Ring rot (potatoes and tomatoes)

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11
Q

What is Trichophyton rubrum?

A

Athletes foot

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12
Q

What is Mycosphaerella fijiensis?

A

Black sigatoka (bananas)

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13
Q

What is Trichophyton verrucosum?

A

Ringworm (cattle)

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14
Q

What is Human immunodeficiency disease?

A

HIV (a retrovirus)

Low immunity

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15
Q

What is influenza?

A

‘flu

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16
Q

What is tobacco mosaic virus (TMV)?

A

Leaf discolouration
(Fruit slower to ripen)
(Leaves may die)
(Reduce seed/fruit yield)

17
Q

What do the plasmodium species such as plasmodium falciparum cause?

A

Malaria

18
Q

What is phytophthora infestans?

A

Potato blight (can also be in tomatoes)

19
Q

What are the 4 indirect ways pathogens are spread in animals?

A

Waterborne
Food
Vectors
Airborne

20
Q

What are vectors?

A

Animals that carry the pathogen (Female Anopheles mosquitoes - malaria)

21
Q

What is an example of a waterborne disease?

A

Cholera

22
Q

What is an example of a food spread disease?

A

Salmonella

23
Q

What is an example of an airborne disease?

A

‘flu

24
Q

What are the 3 direct ways pathogens are spread in animals?

A

Droplets (coughing/sneezing)
Direct contact
Bodily fluids (Blood, semen etc)

25
Q

What is an example of a droplet spread disease?

A

‘flu/TB

26
Q

What is an example of a contact spread disease?

A

Athletes foot

27
Q

What is an example of a bodily fluid spread disease?

A

HIV

28
Q

What are plants most affected by?

A

Fungi

29
Q

What are the 3 ways pathogens are spread in plants?

A

Airborne (fungi produces spores)
Vectors (Insects)
Vehicle (Non living things like chainsaws)

30
Q

What is an example of a plant disease that is airborne?

A

Black sigatoka

31
Q

What is an example of a plant disease that is spread by vectors?

A

Dutch Elm disease

32
Q

What is an example of a plant disease that is spread by vehicles?

A

Dutch Elm disease

33
Q

How does HIV cause disease?

A

Pathogen infiltrates and lives inside T helper cells, gradually weakening the immune system.

34
Q

How does meningitis cause disease?

A

Pathogen replicates in the meninges of the brain, causing swelling. Can spread to the blood where it causes septicemia.

35
Q

How does Athlete’s foot cause disease?

A

Pathogen lives on and digests damp skin around the toes causing a red rash.

36
Q

How does malaria cause disease?

A

Pathogen invades red blood cells and liver causing fever, vomiting and weakening of the immune system.

Biology module 4 (10 decks)

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