Pathogens Flashcards
What is a pathogen?
A microorganism that causes disease
What are the 4 types of pathogen?
Bacteria
Fungi
Viruses
Protoctista
What are the 3 examples of bacteria?
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Neisseria meningitidis/Streptococcus pneumoniae
Clavibacter michiganensis.
What are the 3 examples of fungi?
Trichophyton rubrum
Mycosphaerella fijiensis
Trichophyton verrucosum
What are the 3 examples of viruses?
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
Influenza
Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV)
What are the 2 examples of protoctista?
Plasmodium species (eg plasmodium falciparum) Phytophthora infestans
What is Mycobacterium tuberculosis?
TB
What is Neisseria meningitidis?
Meningitus
What is Streptococcus pneumoniae?
Meningitus
What is Clavibacter michiganensis?
Ring rot (potatoes and tomatoes)
What is Trichophyton rubrum?
Athletes foot
What is Mycosphaerella fijiensis?
Black sigatoka (bananas)
What is Trichophyton verrucosum?
Ringworm (cattle)
What is Human immunodeficiency disease?
HIV (a retrovirus)
Low immunity
What is influenza?
‘flu
What is tobacco mosaic virus (TMV)?
Leaf discolouration
(Fruit slower to ripen)
(Leaves may die)
(Reduce seed/fruit yield)
What do the plasmodium species such as plasmodium falciparum cause?
Malaria
What is phytophthora infestans?
Potato blight (can also be in tomatoes)
What are the 4 indirect ways pathogens are spread in animals?
Waterborne
Food
Vectors
Airborne
What are vectors?
Animals that carry the pathogen (Female Anopheles mosquitoes - malaria)
What is an example of a waterborne disease?
Cholera
What is an example of a food spread disease?
Salmonella
What is an example of an airborne disease?
‘flu
What are the 3 direct ways pathogens are spread in animals?
Droplets (coughing/sneezing)
Direct contact
Bodily fluids (Blood, semen etc)
What is an example of a droplet spread disease?
‘flu/TB
What is an example of a contact spread disease?
Athletes foot
What is an example of a bodily fluid spread disease?
HIV
What are plants most affected by?
Fungi
What are the 3 ways pathogens are spread in plants?
Airborne (fungi produces spores)
Vectors (Insects)
Vehicle (Non living things like chainsaws)
What is an example of a plant disease that is airborne?
Black sigatoka
What is an example of a plant disease that is spread by vectors?
Dutch Elm disease
What is an example of a plant disease that is spread by vehicles?
Dutch Elm disease
How does HIV cause disease?
Pathogen infiltrates and lives inside T helper cells, gradually weakening the immune system.
How does meningitis cause disease?
Pathogen replicates in the meninges of the brain, causing swelling. Can spread to the blood where it causes septicemia.
How does Athlete’s foot cause disease?
Pathogen lives on and digests damp skin around the toes causing a red rash.
How does malaria cause disease?
Pathogen invades red blood cells and liver causing fever, vomiting and weakening of the immune system.
