plant cells Flashcards
what is cell wall made of
cellulose
what is the cell wall made up of
middle lamella
what is middle lamella made of
calcium pectate
what does cell wall do
strengthen and supports the cell and prevent it change shaping
what does middle lamella do
cuz the layer is adhesive, it sticks adjacent plant cells together
plasmadesmata
allows transport between substance and communication of cells
pits
allows transports of substances between cells
chloroplast
where photosynthesis takes places
amylose
storage of starch grains
vacuole
contains cell sap
tonoplast
controls what goes enters and leaves the vacuole
function of xylem vessels
transport water and mineral ions up the plant, provide support
structure of xylem
tube like struc formed from dead cells, joined end to end.
have a hollow lumen and no end walls
the walls are thickened with lignin which helps to support the plant
does xylem require energy and why
no because xylem is a physical process
how do water and mineral ions move into / out of the cell
through pits in the walls where there are is no lignin
function of phloem
to transport organic solutes where they’re made in the plant to where they are needed also known as translocation
struc of phloem
- arranged in tubes
- contains diff types of cells
- sieve tubes are joined end to end to form sieve tubes
-sieve parts are the end walls, which has lots in them which allows them to transport solutes to pass through
sieve tubes
- they are living cells
- has no nucleus - lack of nucleus means that they can not survive on there own, so they need companion cells for every sieve tube element
- very thin layer of cytoplasm
companion cells
carry out the living function for themselves and for their sieve cells
function of sclerenchyma
- provides support
struc of sclerenchyma
- they are made up of bundles of dead cells
have hollow lumen and have end walls
cell wells are also thickened with lignin
they have more cellulose than any other plant cells
in a cross section of a plant cell
sclerenchyma is the outer layer
phloem is in between schlerenchyma and xylem
xylem is the most inwards
