plant cell organisation and transport

Question 1

list the tissues that make up a leaf

Answer 1

epidermal tissue
palisade mesophyll
spongy mesophyll
xylem and phloem
meristem tissue

Question 2

explain how the structure of the upper epidermal tissue in a leaf is related to its function

Answer 2

it covers the whole plant. it is also transparent so that light can pass through it to palisade layer.

Question 3

what is the function of the phloem and what is it made of

Answer 3

made of columns of elongated living cells with small pores in the end walls.
transports food substances(mostly dissolved sugars).
they transport in both directions

Question 4

what is the function of the xylem and what is it made of

Answer 4

made of dead cells joined end to end with no end walls between them. strengthened with lignin.
Carry’s water and mineral ions from root to the stem and leaves. movement from roots through xylem and out leave is called transpiration stream

Question 5

what is transpiration

Answer 5

Transpiration is the process by which moisture is carried through plants from roots to small pores on the underside of leaves, where it changes to vapor and is released to the atmosphere.

Question 6

list the four main things that affect transpiration

Answer 6

Light. Plants transpire more rapidly in the light than in the dark.
Temperature. Plants transpire more rapidly at higher temperatures because water evaporates more rapidly as the temperature rises.
Humidity.
Wind.
Soil water.

Question 7

how could you measure the rate of transpiration

Answer 7

record the starting position of the air bubble an start the stopwatch.
record the distance moved by the air bubble per unit time.
keep the conditions consistent throughout experiment.

Question 8

explain what a guard cell does

Answer 8

Guard cells are cells surrounding each stoma. They help to regulate the rate of transpiration by opening and closing the stomata.