Plant and animal structure

Question 1

What are eukaryotic cells?

Answer 1

Are complex cells and include all animal and plant cells.

Question 2

What are prokaryotic cells?

Answer 2

Smaller and simpler cells (than eukaryotic cells), e.g. bacteria.

Question 3

Nucleus

Answer 3

Contains genetic material that controls the cell’s activity.

Question 4

List the subcellular structures of plant and algal cells.

Answer 4

Same structures as animal cells.
Cell wall
Permanent vacuole
Chloroplasts

Question 5

List the subcellular structures of bacterial cells and their functions.

Answer 5

Cell membrane
Cell wall
Cytoplasm
Plasmid - rings of DNA
Circular strand of DNA

Question 6

Cytoplasm

Answer 6

Gel like substance, most chemical reactions happen here - contains enzymes that control these chemical reactions.

Question 7

Cell membrane

Answer 7

Holds the cell together and controls what goes in and out.

Question 8

Mitochondria

Answer 8

Where most reactions for aerobic respiration take place.

Question 9

Ribosomes

Answer 9

Site of protein synthesis.

Question 10

List the subcellular structures of animal cells.

Answer 10

nucleus
cytoplasm
mitochondria
ribosomes
cell membrane

Question 11

Cell wall

Answer 11

Made of cellulose. Supports and strengthens the cell.

Question 12

Permanent vacuole

Answer 12

Filled with cell sap (weak solution of sugar and salts) to help keep the cell turgid.

Question 13

Chloroplasts

Answer 13

Contains chlorophyll which absorbs sunlight for photosynthesis.

Question 14

What are bacterial cells?

Answer 14

Much smaller in comparison to plant and animal (eukaryotic) cells. Have a cytoplasm, cell membrane and cell wall. Genetic not enclosed in a nucleus - single DNA loop and there may be one or more small rings of DNA called plasmids.