Organisation

Question 1

Digestive Enzyme: Amylase

Where released?

Breakdown what?

Answer 1

Salivary glands and pancreas

Carbohydrates into simple sugars

Question 2

Digestive Enzyme: Protease

Where released?

Breakdown what?

Answer 2

Stomach and pancreas

Proteins into amino acids

Question 3

Digestive Enzyme: Lipase

Where released?

Breakdown what?

Answer 3

Pancreas

Fats and oils (lipids) into fatty acids and glycerol

Question 4

What biological molecule are enzymes made of?

Answer 4

Proteins

Question 5

What is a substrate?

Answer 5

Substance (chemical) that the enzyme acts on.

Question 6

What are the products of digestion used for in the body?

Answer 6

What are the products of digestion used for in the body? They are used to build new carbohydrates, lipids and proteins in the body. Glucose is used in respiration.

Question 7

What does denatured mean?

Answer 7

That the active site of the enzyme has changed shape so the substrate cannot fit.

Question 8

What is a double circulatory system?

Answer 8

Where blood from the heart is

pumped to the lungs and the body at the same time.

Question 9

What is a pacemaker?

Answer 9

A group of cells in the right atrium that controls

the heart rate.

Question 10

What is the role of the coronary arteries?

Answer 10

To supply oxygenated blood

to the heart muscle.

Question 11

Where does the left atrium pump blood to?

Answer 11

To the left ventricle.

Question 12

Where does gas exchange take place in the lungs?

Answer 12

In the alveoli.

Question 13

Name the gas that moves from the blood into the lungs.

Answer 13

Carbon dioxide.

Question 14

Name the blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart.

Answer 14

Arteries.

Question 15

Which blood vessels are only one cell thick?

Answer 15

Capillaries.

Question 16

Which blood vessels have thick muscular walls?

Answer 16

Arteries

Question 17

Which blood vessels have valves?

Answer 17

Veins.

Question 18

What is plasma?

Answer 18

The pale yellow fluid part of blood, it transports

cells, CO2, hormones and waste.

Question 19

What is the role of a red blood cell?

Answer 19

To carry oxygen around the body.

Question 20

In what two ways can white blood cells fight infection?

Answer 20

They can produce antibodies that destroy microbes or they can engulf microbes.

Question 21

What is the role of platelets?

Answer 21

They form clots to reduce bleeding.

Question 22

What is coronary heart disease?

Answer 22

Where layers of fatty material build up inside the coronary arteries narrowing them.

Question 23

What are the risk factors for coronary heart disease?

Answer 23

Smoking, high blood pressure, high cholesterol and not enough exercise.

Question 24

What is a stent?

Answer 24

A metal cylinder grid that is inserted into an artery to keep the artery open.

Question 25

What are statins?

Answer 25

Drugs that reduce the harmful cholesterol in the blood.

Question 26

What is the role of heart valves?

Answer 26

To stop the blood in the heart from flowing in the wrong direction.

Question 27

Give two faults that can occur with heart valves.

Answer 27

They may not open fully or develop a leak.

Question 28

What treatment can be given to a person with faulty heart valves?

Answer 28

They can have their heart valves replaced (biological or mechanical).

Question 29

Name three conditions that can lead to heart failure.

Answer 29

Atherosclerosis (CHD), cardiomyopathy, congenital heart disease (born with it).

Question 30

Name 4 ways that different types of disease can interact to make a person ill.

Answer 30

Defects in the immune system, viruses that can trigger cancer, immune reactions caused by pathogens, physical ill health.

Question 31

List some human costs of non-communicable diseases

Answer 31

Lower quality of life, shorter life span.

Question 32

List some financial costs of non-communicable diseases

Answer 32

Healthcare costs, reduced income, buying of specialist equipment.

Question 33

How does alcohol cause liver disease?

Answer 33

It causes the liver to become fatty and this can lead to cirrhosis.

Question 34

What does alcohol damage in the brain?

Answer 34

It damages the nerve cells and the brain mass may shrink.

Question 35

What is COPD?

Answer 35

A group of lung diseases that narrow airways making it difficult for people to move air in and out of the lungs.

Question 36

Give two examples of COPD.

Answer 36

Bronchitis and emphysema.

Question 37

What is a carcinogen?

Answer 37

A substance that can cause cancer.

Question 38

How can carcinogens cause cancer?

Answer 38

They damage DNA or speed up cell division and increase the chance of a mutation occurring.

Question 39

What is a tumour?

Answer 39

A mass of cells caused by uncontrolled cell growth.

Question 40

What is translocation?

Answer 40

The movement of dissolved sugars from the leaves to the rest of the plant for immediate use or storage.