Planning: Problem Identification, Prioritization, Analysis (Project) Flashcards
Functions of Management
- Planning
- Organizing
- Leading
- Controlling
- Evaluating
- In Strategic planning, problems have already been identified;
- Problems are in the form of challenges called ISSUES and CONCERNS;
Problem Identification
Problem ID:
- Population
- Health Status
- Health Resources
- Socio-economic Factors
Problem Prioritization
- Magnitude of the problem
- Vulnerability to change
- Impact to society
- Administrative support
- Financial requirement
deaths caused by the disease as well as prevalence and/or incidence of the disease in the locality as measured by morbidity and mortality rates – higher rates gain higher scores
Magnitude of the problem
presence or absence of the technology that will control the disease. This is measured by the effectiveness of an intervention to address the disease – the more effective the intervention, the higher the score.
Vulnerability to change
scope of the population that is affected by the disease directly or indirectly. Conditions that will receive a higher score include
high communicability, high degree of disability, bigger amount of money lost when afflicted with the disease.
Impact to society
extent of local executives’ endorsement of the project. The presence of personal motivation to support programs or
health in general gain higher scores.
Administrative support
amount of money needed to carry out the program/project. A larger amount will get a lower score.
Financial requirement
Involves identifying what the main problems are and
establishing cause and effect relationships between
these problems
Problem Analysis
Problem Tree
Preparatory steps
- Clarify the scope of the investigation or analysis
- Inform yourself further
- Identify relevant stakeholders
- Participants need to be informed to be useful and
productive - Conduct the analysis
t- Using contributions from the group, list all negative statements about the situation being analyzed (brainstorm)
- Print each problem statement in clear language on a card and display on the wall or some suitable space
Identifying and listing the main problems
- through discussions, identify a consensus core problem
(the one which appears to be linked to most negative
statements) - print a precise definition of the core problem on a card
- display the card on the wall so the whole group can clearly
see it
Identifying core problems
- distribute the negative statement cards according to whether they are ‘causes’ (leading to the core problem) or ‘effects’
(resulting from the core problem). Place all causes below the core problem and the effects above the core problem - (problems that are clear but very general in nature and which affect not only the issue at hand but almost any health problem can be treated as ‘general constraints’ and placed at
the side of the problem tree. This keeps the core problem tree focused and manageable.)
Identifying cause and effect
- further structure the statements in the problem tree by selecting one of the statements and asking “what leads to this?” Then select from the other cards the most likely cause and place it below the chosen statement. Do the same for the other cards.
- if there are 2 or more causes combining to produce an effect, place them side by side below the resulting effect
- similarly, ask if there are any more effects resulting from that cause
- if there are multiple effects resulting from
Identifying cause and effect
- pick out one card from the top of the problem tree and work back through the diagram according to the guide question: “what leads to, or causes, that?” to check the logic and
completeness of the diagram - connect the cards with arrows to show cause-effect relationships
Checking the logic
- Done by preparing an objective tree
- Problem statements (negatives) transformed into objective statements (positives)
- Shows the means-end relationship between objectives
- Leads directly into developing the project’s narrative description in the Logical Framework matrix
Objectives Analysis
- The prevalence, incidence and deaths caused by the disease in the community as measured by the morbidity and mortality rates
- Higher rates gain higher scores.
Magnitude of the Problem
- The scope and burden of the disease in the community and how these affect the quality of life of the people
- The greater the scope and burden, the higher the score.
Impact to the Community
- The capacity to control, modify or prevent the health problem as measured by the effectiveness of an intervention. E.g. technology, resources, programs and policies that will control the disease.
- The more modifiable the disease, the higher the score.
Changeability
- The openness or willingness of the people to embrace the new intervention.
- The more willing and open the people to support the program, the higher the score.
Acceptability
- The availability of resources such as human, financial, logistics and political support necessary to support the interventions.
- The more feasible the program implementation is, the higher the score.
Feasibility
- The ability of the intervention to achieve its long term goals and objectives through continuous implementation.
- The more sustainable the program is, the higher the score.
Sustainability
Rating Scale 1
Insignificant
Rating Scale 2
Minimally Significant
Rating Scale 3
Significant
Rating Scale 4
Moderately Significant
Rating Scale 5
Highly Significant
To decrease the incidence of AGE (acute gastroenteritis) among the residents of Tanudan.
Goal
To improve the quality of life among the residents of Tanudan by implementing prevention measures that will avoid transmission of AGE
Purpose:
- To improve health promotion and education activities in Tanudan
- To improve sanitary, hygienic and health-seeking practices of the residents in Tanudan
Objectives:
kidney , intestine, and bones,
* Considered as the world’s deadliest disease and remains as a major public health problem in the Philippines.
* It is often occurs in children of under developed and developing countries in the form of primary complex especially after a
bout of a deliberating childhood disease such as measles.
* In the Philippines, TB ranks tenth in the leading cause of morbidity (2020)
