HANDOUT ON VITAL STATISTICAL RATES AND RATIOS/HEALTH INDICATORS Flashcards
obtained by dividing one quantity to another quantity.
Ratio
the denominator being used is the total population
Crude Rates
the events happening to a specified group are related only to the corresponding segment of the population. They can be made specific according to age, sex, education, occupation, marital status, race or exposure
Specific Rates
measures how fast people are added to the population through births.
Crude Birth Rate
CBR=
number of registered livebirths in a year / Midyear population x1000
a more specific rate than the crude birth rate since births are related to the segment of the population deemed to be
capable of giving birth.
General Fertility Rate
GFR=
number of registered livebirths in a year / Midyear population of women 15-44 years of age x 1000
gives the rate with which mortality occurs in a given population.
Crude Death Rate
SMR=
No. of deaths in a specified group in a calendar year / Midyear population of the same specified group x 1000
shows rates of dying in specific population groups. It can be made more specific according to age, sex, occupation,
education, exposure to risk factors, or combinations of these.
Specific Mortality Rate
also called mortality rate from specific diseases or conditions gives the rate of dying secondary to specific causes.
Cause-of-Death Rate-
Cause-of-Death Rate=
no. of deaths from a certain cause in a calendar year / Midyear population x F
is defined as the number of deaths among infants under one year of age in a calendar period per one thousand livebirths in the same period.
Infant Mortality Ratio
IMR=
deaths under 1 year of age in a calendar year / Number of livebirths in the same year x 1000
Neonatal Mortality Rate=
number of deaths among those under 28 days of age in a calendar year / No. of livebirths in the same year x 1000
Post-neonatal Mortality Rate=
number of deaths among those under 28 days to less than 1 year of age in a calendar year / No. of livebirths in the same year x 1000
measures the number of deaths due to diseases directly related to pregnancy, delivery and puerperium per 1000
livebirths.
Maternal Mortality Ratio
MMR=
no. of deaths due to pregancy, delivery, puerperium in a calendar year / No. of livebirths in the same year x 1000
is the proportion of total deaths occuring in a particular population group or from a particular cause.
Proportionate Mortality Ratio
PMR=
number of deaths from a particular cause or population group in a year / Total deaths in a year x 100
Swaroop’s Index-=
number of deaths among those 50 years and over in a calendar year / Total number of deaths x100
tells how much of the afflicted die from the disease.
Case Fatality Rate
CFR=
number of deaths from a specified cause / number of cases of the same disease X 100
measure the occurrence of illness or conditions in a community. It tells us the speed of development of a disease condition and is more appropriately used to describe acute conditions. It is also the measure of choice in determining etiologic factors of diseases
Morbidity Rates
number of new cases of a disease developing in a period of time.
Incidence =
Incidence Proportion=
number of new cases of a disease developing in a period of time / population at risk of developing the disease during the same period of time xF
Incidence Rate=
number of new cases of a disease developed during the follow-up period / Total person time of observation
sum of each individual’s time at risk or the sum of the time that each person remained under observation
Person time (known individual observation period)
Person time (unknown individual observation period) =
Beginning population + End population / 2 X Length of follow-up period
measures the proportion of persons in a population who are initially free of the disease of interest and who develop the disease within the specified time interval.
Cumulative Incidence/Incidence Proportion
used when the exposure periods for the individuals are not the same.
Incidence Density/Incidence Rate
measures the proportion of existing cases of a disease in the population . It is more useful in describing the occurrence of chronic conditions and as an indicator or basis for making decisions in the administration of health services.
Prevalence Proportion
Prevalence Proportion=
number of existing cases of a specified disease / population examined x F