Plan and Policy Development Flashcards
What are the basic 3 steps in the planning process
- Pre-planning
- Planning
- Post Planning
Steps in the pre-planning stage of the planning process
- Community Diagnosis
- Determine your community’s purpose, capacity and readiness for planning.
- Identify key stakeholders - Process Design
- Establish a budget for planning.
- Issue an RFP if applicable.
- Incorporate opportunities for public participation and education.
Steps in the planning stage of the planning process
- Data collection and analysis
- Issue identification
- Goal and objective formulation
- Strategy formulation
Steps in the post-planning stage of the planning process
- Plan implementation
2. Monitoring and assessment
Visioning
A process whereby citizens go to a series of meetings to offer input on community goals for the future.
Home rule states
States where the cities, municipalities, and counties are granted the right to govern themselves (Still meeting some State rules/minimums)
Dillon’s rule states
Dillon’s rule is the principle that cities, towns and counties have no powers other than those assigned to them by state governments.
General-purpose local government
counties, cities, townships, etc.
Single-purpose local government
school districts, fire districts, etc.
Special Districts
an independent unit of local government often created by referendum and organized to perform government functions in a specific geographic area. They usually have the power to incur debt and levy taxes.
Area wide planning organizations
provide grants and planning assistance, coordinate intergovernmental activities. They are not a separate layer of government.
Regional planning agency
develops regional plans, reviews regional impacts and projects. In some cases a local government may transfer some local government powers to a regional agency but that is not usually the case.
Preemption
preemption is when the law of a higher level of government limits or even eliminates the power of a lower level of government.
Tribal sovereignty
Tribes are their own source of power. According to the 1959 case Williams v. Lee, tribes possess “the right … to make their own laws and be ruled by them.
How many tribal governments are recognized?
538
Fiscal Impact Analysis
The purpose of fiscal impact analysis is to estimate the impact of a development or a land use change or a plan on the costs and revenues of governmental units serving the development.
Examples of what a fiscal impact analysis might look at
- A city’s property tax rate
- The average cost of educating a child in the local school system
- The average cost per square foot of constructing a public building
economic impact analysis
focuses on the cash flow to the private sector (measured in income, jobs, output, indirect impacts, etc.).
Cost-benefit analysis
a quantified comparison of costs and benefits generally expressed in monetary or numerical terms.
Environmental impact analysis
An Environmental Assessment is required to determine whether there is a significant environmental impact.
Four sections required of an Environmental Impact Statement
- Introduction - Including statement of purpose/need for the action
- Description of affected environment
- Alternatives
- Analysis of the impacts of each alternative
Negotiation
involves discussion to reach an agreement. Negotiation usually results in a memorandum of agreement but it is generally not legally binding.
Mediation
involves a third party, but it is nonbinding.
arbitration,
a third party determines a resolution (or “award”), which is legally binding. only in arbitration is a decision by the third party binding.
