Placenta and Fetal Membranes

Question 1

contents of the umbilical cord

Answer 1

Question 2

Answer 2

secondary villi left, mid-term placenta right

Question 3

what day does implantation begin, continues through?

Answer 3

day six, continues through week two

Question 4

secondary chorionic villi

• what days
• what components (3)
• what space is made, what is it filled with

Answer 4

intervillous space is filled with maternal blood

cytotrophoblastic shell is interface between fetal placenta and mom’s placenta/endometrium

Question 5

Gestational Changes

• early placenta layers
• late placenta layers, what happens to cytotrophoblast?
• timing

Answer 5

early is before week 20, villi cxn tissue is mesoderm

nutrients have to pass through all these layers

late is after week 20, cytotrophoblast completely disintegrates

Question 6

Placental abnormalities:

• placenta accreta
• placenta increta
• placenta percepta

Answer 6

Question 7

parts of the placenta triangle

Answer 7

Question 8

what is the decidua?

-parts of it (3)

Answer 8

Question 9

tertiary chorionic villi

• days
• capillaries
• what layers?
• intervillous space characteristics

Answer 9

stem/anchoring villi is the same thing, and is where it attaches to cytotrophoblastic shell

branch villi surrounded by moms blood do nutrient and waste exchage.

Question 10

where does fertilization occur?

Answer 10

ampulla

Question 11

umbilical cord knot, absence of umbilical artery correlations

Answer 11

Question 12

abnormal implantation sites

Answer 12

Question 13

Gestational changes

• formation of what?
• fusion of what?, what degenerates
• smooth chorion fuses with what?
• what happens to uterine cavity?

Answer 13

Question 14

allantosis becomes the what?

Answer 14

Question 15

Three derivatives of the extraembryonic mesoderm:

-what are their components

Answer 15

Question 16

Oligohydramnios caused by what

Polyhydramnios caused by what

Answer 16

by week 11 fetal blood is filtered

Question 17

where does the extraembryonic mesoderm come from? and during which week

Answer 17

-hypoblast, week two

Question 18

Primary chorionic villi:

• what days
• primary components
• as syncytiotrophoblast envades what does it make?

Answer 18

Question 19

placenta previa

• vaginal bleeding when?
• palpation of placenta

Answer 19

Question 20

Choriocarcinoma

Answer 20

malignant tumor which develops from hydatidiform mole if its not removed

Question 21

what is cotyledon?

what does it tell you

Answer 21

Question 22

Hydatidiform Mole:

• abnormal what proliferation? what is produced in excess?
• complete mole vs partial mole
• clinical features

Answer 22

Question 23

Extraembryonic mesoderm

what types (3 things)

Answer 23

Question 24

week two what does embryo look like

• ICM
• what are layers and what do they contain
• whats happening with syncytiotrophoblast

Answer 24

bilaminar disk-inner cell mass

epiblast: ectoderm, amnion, amniotic cavity
- hypoblast

The decidua reaction by the mucosa of endometrium is a reaction to the breakthrough of the syncytiotrophoblast: provides nutrients and is an immunologically privileged site. needs progesterone so secretory phase

Question 25

Amniotic Band Syndrome

causes

Answer 25

• mechanical trauma where parts of amnion come off and wrap around limps
• endogenous causes, amnion doesnt get good blood flow, slougs off creates bands

Question 26

chorionic villi by 8th week:

-cover what?

Answer 26

Question 27

Chorion composed of what three layers?

what does it give rise to?

Answer 27

Question 28

Amniotic fluid

• formation
• Composition
• function

Answer 28

Question 29

Trophoblast gives rise to what two things, and eventually what adult structure

-describe them

Answer 29

cytotrophoblast-stem cell layer, mitotically active

syncytiotrophoblast- from the cytotrophoblast, has proteolytic enzymes, chorionic gonadotropin, and is responsible for implantation and initial signal of pregnancy

Question 30

Things that cross vs don’t cross the placenta

Answer 30

Question 31

Hemolytic disease of the newborn

-caused by?

presentation?

timeline

Answer 31

Question 32

Chorion:

-becomes layer of what?

contributions from what 3 layers?

Answer 32

placenta

comes from extraembryonic somatic mesoderm, cytotrophoblast, syncytiotrophoblast.