Placenta and Fetal Membranes Flashcards
contents of the umbilical cord
secondary villi left, mid-term placenta right
what day does implantation begin, continues through?
day six, continues through week two
secondary chorionic villi
- what days
- what components (3)
- what space is made, what is it filled with
intervillous space is filled with maternal blood
cytotrophoblastic shell is interface between fetal placenta and mom’s placenta/endometrium
Gestational Changes
- early placenta layers
- late placenta layers, what happens to cytotrophoblast?
- timing
early is before week 20, villi cxn tissue is mesoderm
nutrients have to pass through all these layers
late is after week 20, cytotrophoblast completely disintegrates
Placental abnormalities:
- placenta accreta
- placenta increta
- placenta percepta
parts of the placenta triangle
what is the decidua?
-parts of it (3)
tertiary chorionic villi
- days
- capillaries
- what layers?
- intervillous space characteristics
stem/anchoring villi is the same thing, and is where it attaches to cytotrophoblastic shell
branch villi surrounded by moms blood do nutrient and waste exchage.
where does fertilization occur?
ampulla
umbilical cord knot, absence of umbilical artery correlations
abnormal implantation sites
Gestational changes
- formation of what?
- fusion of what?, what degenerates
- smooth chorion fuses with what?
- what happens to uterine cavity?
allantosis becomes the what?
Three derivatives of the extraembryonic mesoderm:
-what are their components
Oligohydramnios caused by what
Polyhydramnios caused by what
by week 11 fetal blood is filtered
where does the extraembryonic mesoderm come from? and during which week
-hypoblast, week two
Primary chorionic villi:
- what days
- primary components
- as syncytiotrophoblast envades what does it make?
placenta previa
- vaginal bleeding when?
- palpation of placenta
Choriocarcinoma
malignant tumor which develops from hydatidiform mole if its not removed
what is cotyledon?
what does it tell you
Hydatidiform Mole:
- abnormal what proliferation? what is produced in excess?
- complete mole vs partial mole
- clinical features
Extraembryonic mesoderm
what types (3 things)
week two what does embryo look like
- ICM
- what are layers and what do they contain
- whats happening with syncytiotrophoblast
bilaminar disk-inner cell mass
epiblast: ectoderm, amnion, amniotic cavity
- hypoblast
The decidua reaction by the mucosa of endometrium is a reaction to the breakthrough of the syncytiotrophoblast: provides nutrients and is an immunologically privileged site. needs progesterone so secretory phase
Amniotic Band Syndrome
causes
- mechanical trauma where parts of amnion come off and wrap around limps
- endogenous causes, amnion doesnt get good blood flow, slougs off creates bands
chorionic villi by 8th week:
-cover what?
Chorion composed of what three layers?
what does it give rise to?
Amniotic fluid
- formation
- Composition
- function
Trophoblast gives rise to what two things, and eventually what adult structure
-describe them
cytotrophoblast-stem cell layer, mitotically active
syncytiotrophoblast- from the cytotrophoblast, has proteolytic enzymes, chorionic gonadotropin, and is responsible for implantation and initial signal of pregnancy
Things that cross vs don’t cross the placenta
Hemolytic disease of the newborn
-caused by?
presentation?
timeline
Chorion:
-becomes layer of what?
contributions from what 3 layers?
placenta
comes from extraembryonic somatic mesoderm, cytotrophoblast, syncytiotrophoblast.
