Fetal/Neonatal Physiology Flashcards
Gestational age: when is day 1?
Fertilization age?
-general rule fertilization age + (what)= gestational
day of is last day of normal menstrual period, fert is day of fert, general rule for gestational age is fert + 2 weeks
hematopoiesis from conception through birth:
what starts it?
- after 7 weeks what takes over for the 9th-24th weeks?
- What becomes major site by the 24th week?
- what is major site of EPO transcription, as grow older?
- Hemoglobin type in fetuses?
- adult hemoglobin
Cord clamping:
- early vs late?
- normal hemoglobin level in cord blood
Serum iron level in cord blood in infant compared to maternal levels?
-when does iron get depleted in infant? when does it need to be in diet in a sense
Fetal Kidneys:
- nephrogenesis begins when? completed when?
- urine production? amount of amniotic fluid?
When does renal function mature most rapidly?
when does functional development complete?
- blood glucose levels first day?
- why?
why can’t liver conjugate bilirubin well?
look up why neonatal jaundice happens
Neonatal nutritional needs:
need lots of what? why?
Calcium, phosphorus, regulation during fetal development?
“practice”
Iron in fetus:
- transfer of most iron happens when in utero?
- when would a premie be at high risk of anemia?
breastmilk has lower iron, but bioavailability is high. formula opposite.
Vitamin C:
-storage in fetal tissues
Neonatal Immunity:
- where does it inherit it?
- after first month of life what may happen? returns to normal when?
- when are immunizations necessary?
- whooping cough?
prematurity:
-types of problems that are exacerbated
Neonatal stress:
- Underdeveloped which axis?
- response to glucocorticoid levels?
- buffering maintained by?
- Toxic stress is?
- fetal origins of disease?
- stress levels in neonate are important to monitor
- hpa axis is suppressed in consistent caregiver relationship, if theyre stressed corticoids are toxic to nervous system
- chronic diseases of life go back to what happened in utero developmental time periods
what stimulates breathing upon birth?
-delayed breathing?
- shape of alveoli at birth?
- what type of pressure needed to overcome this?
first exhalation?
child has to force it
Breathing pattern upon birth
-what happens to pressure needed? when does it normalize?
Hypoxia during birth causes?
Respiratory distress syndrome:
- common in?
- what is pathophys?
Fetal blood flow in the placenta:
- relative amount of blood flowing through placenta?
- umbilical arteries: be a rbc
- umbilical vein, be a rbc
placenta has a lot of blood flow.
- umbilical arteries: branch repeatedly, return deoxygenated blood, have a dense capillary network at terminal villi, “Legs” connect to IVC
- umbilical veins: returns oxygenated blood to fetus from placenta with P02 around 30-35. blood then enters ductus venosus*
*po2 is way lower than normal 100
fetal blood flow Foramen Ovale:
- hole in septum between what?
- oxygenation, and what 27% of this blood goes to?
- rest goes where?
- blood from superior vena cava path?
-svc enters into right atrium, will want to shunt stuff into the right ventricle. this is blood coming from the brain.
Ductus Arteriosus: from what vessel to what structure?
-role of prostaglandins?
Blood flow changes upon birth:
decreased pulmonary vascular resistance
- lung size
- vasculature
- pulmonary arterial pressure, why?
Blood flow changes upon birth:
- systemic vascular resistance:
- why does it increase due to placenta?
Closure of foramen ovale:
-why does it close?
closure of ductus arteriosus:
- why
- po2 levels cause what chemical to change
PDA
-leads to ?
pulmonary htn, rvh
closure of ductus venosus:
-timing, causes
Neonatal stats:
HR
BP
RR
Metabolism
Kidney, and probelms associated with this
be able to walk yourself through fetal circulation as an rbc
