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Human Geography - A level AQA > 🧍Place Study - Detroit > Flashcards

🧍Place Study - Detroit Flashcards

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1
Q

Where is Detroit located?

A

In Michigan, North East US on the Canadian border

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2
Q

What is heavy industry?

A

Industry that involves one or more characteristics of large and heavy equipment or facilities, or complex and numerous processes

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3
Q

What was the ‘Steel Belt’?

A

A belt of the North East US where established waterways, roads and railroads connected coalfields and rich iron ores to produce much of America’s steel products

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4
Q

Why did Detroit’s location make it key to the Steel Belt?

A

The Appalachian coalfields were to the south and Michigan’s upper peninsula has rich iron ore, so resources were easily available

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5
Q

What were the ‘3 giants’ in Detroit?

A

Ford, General Motors and Chrysler

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6
Q

What did Detroit become famous for within the steel belt?

A

Cars

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7
Q

How did Henry Ford change industrial processes?

A

He invented the production line in 1913

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8
Q

What happened after the Great Depression?

A

People moved North to find work

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9
Q

How many people did Ford employ when it first opened?

A

50,000

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10
Q

Why were Ford jobs so attractive?

A

They paid well and allowed workers to afford the cars they were building

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11
Q

How did Detroit’s population change between 1820 and 1920?

A

It grew form 1000 to 1,000,000 and the % White stayed roughly constant

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12
Q

How did Detroit’s population change between 1930 and 2010?

A

It shrank from 1,800,000 to 700,000, and from predominantly White (92%) to predominantly Black (83%)

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13
Q

When did the population peak?

A

Around 1950

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14
Q

When were the Great Migrations?

A

Between 1910 and 1980

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15
Q

Why did many Black residents move to Detroit from the South?

A

To escape racial segregation laws and find jobs

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16
Q

How much of Detroit is suburbs?

A

90%

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17
Q

Why is so much of Detroit made up of suburbs?

A 
Construction of interstate highways
High taxes and house prices in city
Racial tensions in city
White flight
Cars become more accessible for travel
Business moved out of Detroit
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18
Q

What were some of the forces of change in Detroit?

A

Globalisation, TNCs, International Institutions

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19
Q

How did oil prices cause decline in the city?

A

As the oil crisis hit (1956), prices quadrupled and people were put off buying and running cars, so the automotive industry suffered

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20
Q

How did TNCs cause decline in Detroit?

A

They provided competition as other manufacturers produced similar products at cheaper prices, forcing companies in Detroit to look elsewhere for cheaper labour costs

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21
Q

How did the number of automotive firms in Detroit change in the years of the oil crisis?

A

Fell from 3400 to 2300

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22
Q

When did Detroit declare bankruptcy?

A

2013

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23
Q

How do wages in Detroit today compare to the US as a whole?

A

They are $2.12 an hour lower for skilled workers

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24
Q

How does overall educational attainment compare to other states today?

A

Much lower

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25
Q

What tax laws were passed in 2012?

A

To lower income tax rates to lowest in Midwest, tries to attract people

26
Q

How much of the city is currently empty?

A

50%

27
Q

What are the top employers in Detroit today?

A

Trade, transportation and utilities
Professional and business services
Manufacturing

28
Q

What is an enclave?

A

Areas within a city where people of a certain culture come together, characteristic of migration

29
Q

Which cities did African-Americans move to in the migration?

A

Detroit, Chicago, New York

30
Q

How many people had resettled in manufacturing areas by 1929?

A

1.5 million

31
Q

When was the second wave of migration?

A

The 1940s, when more people were required to work for the war effort

32
Q

How many people had resettled by the end of the second migration?

A

5.9 million

33
Q

How many Black residents moved away from Detroit 2000-2010?

A

185,000

34
Q

Why did some Black residents move away from Detroit in the 2000s?

A

Mostly skilled people, moved up to more ‘middle class’

35
Q

How does Detroit’s White percentage population compare to the rest of Michigan?

A

10% versus 77%

36
Q

What is Motown?

A

A record label signing mostly Black artists in Detroit, changed sound of America

37
Q

What was Detroit known as?

A

‘Motor City’

38
Q

Who founded Motown?

A

Berry Gordy

39
Q

How did Gordy’s experience on production lines impact the running of the record label?

A

He introduced ‘Quality Control’ to ensure only the best music was released

40
Q

How did Motown break down racial segregation?

A

It provided music that was enjoyed by all people, broke down ‘Black music’ stereotype

41
Q

Why did the averaqe income in Detroit fall?

A

Because white people left, who had most of the wealth, while black people generally worked low paid service jobs

42
Q

Where were black people allowed to live?

A

The Brewster housing developments

43
Q

Who were the migrants who moved to Detroit in the 40s?

A

Poor white southerners and black people

44
Q

What happened at the Packard Motor Car Company in June 1943?

A

Three black people were promoted to work alongside the whites and in response, 25,000 white workers went on strike

45
Q

What started the 1943 race riot?

A

Fights between black and white youths in the Belle Isle

46
Q

When was the 1967 race riot?

A

23-27th June 1967

47
Q

Who was the riot primarily enacted by?

A

Black residents

48
Q

What were the primary root causes of the riot?

A

Police abuse, economic inequality, changing demographics and lack of affordable housing

49
Q

What triggered the start of the 1967 race riot?

A

A police raid on an unlicensed drinking bar in a black neighbourhood

50
Q

How many were arrested at the bar raid?

A

82

51
Q

What was the 1967 race riot known as?

A

The 12th street riot

52
Q

How did the governor and president react to the rioting?

A

By sending in thousands of National Guard troops and paratroopers

53
Q

What event occurred during the 12th street riot?

A

The Algiers Motel Incident

54
Q

What sparked the Algiers Motel Incident?

A

A Black resident shot a toy gun from the window towards the army and police, and a raid was carried out

55
Q

What did interrogation of the black residents involve?

A

Mocking killings of the others

56
Q

Who were the suspects after the Motel incident?

A

Black males, no white police officers

57
Q

How many people were employed in the automotive sector at its height?

A

350,000

58
Q

What is Eight Mile Road?

A

A road spanning more than 20 miles across Detroit with 8 lanes of traffic, separates Wayne & Washtenaw counties

59
Q

What does Eight Mile Road act as?

A

A physical dividing line between predominantly African American and White areas

60
Q

What is depicted in the film 8 Mile?

A

Eminem plays a fictionalised version of himself growing up in Detroit around the area and segregation of 8 mile road

61
Q

What was the film ‘Detroit’ based on?

A

The Algiers Motel Incident

62
Q

Where did Detroit’s poorest residents live?

A

In central, downtown Detroit

Human Geography - A level AQA (44 decks)

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