🧍3.2.3.7 - Other Contemporary Urban Environmental Issues Flashcards

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1
Q

What are some of the causes of water pollution?

A
Domestic waste
Effluent from industries
Leachates from landfill and dumping
Rainwater
Point sources (eg factories)
Diffuse (non point) sources
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2
Q

What can be found in the River Mithi, Mumbai?

A

Untreated sewage, chemicals and disease causing microbes

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3
Q

What activities frequently take place on the banks of the River Mithi?

A

Illegal dumping of raw sewage
Industrial waste discharge
Washing vessels, animals and oily drums
Unauthorised discharge of hazardous waste eg zinc, lead

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4
Q

How has the River Mithi’s characteristics been affected by the pollution?

A

Its carrying capacity has been reduced and the pollution is a threat to marine life as well as water quality

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5
Q

What are the social impacts of water pollution?

A

Unpleasant

Disease

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6
Q

What are the economic impacts of water pollution?

A

Cost of treating the water

Knock on effects of trading eg fishing

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7
Q

What are the environmental impacts of water pollution?

A

Reduced capacity
Threat to marine life
Animals drinking from river in danger

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8
Q

What are the sources of water pollution in London?

A
Pollution form houses and agriculture
Misconnections and wrong plumbing
Appliances and dishwashers
Soaps and chemicals
Rain washing dirt from roads and car parks etc
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9
Q

What are the main causes of air pollution in Mumbai?

A

Industries in eastern suburbs and New Bombay
Rubbish incineration but the Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation
Insufficient control over emissions from vehicles

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10
Q

What happened in Mumbai in 2010?

A

A chlorine gas leak from the Sewri industrial led to 76 people being treated in hospital

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11
Q

How large is the Municipal garbage dump?

A

100 hectares, with nightly burning of rubbish occurring

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12
Q

What are the particulate matter readings in Mumbai?

A

2000 microgrammes per cubic metre, safe limit 150

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13
Q

What are the social impacts of air pollution?

A

Cancer causing particulate matter

Bronchitis and asthma common

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14
Q

What are the economic impacts of air pollution?

A

Ill people not attending work

Gas leaks putting people in hospital gives company a bad name and compensation had to be paid

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15
Q

What are the environmental impacts of air pollution?

A

High carbon monoxide levels

Particulate matter significantly higher than safe limit

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16
Q

When was the Mumbai monorail opened?

A

2012

17
Q

What was the aim of the monorail?

A

To reduce car usage in the city and lower emissions from exhausts, encourage public transport

18
Q

How were people encouraged to use bikes as opposed to cars?

A

By taking part in the cyclothon in 2010, with over 7000 participants

19
Q

How is industrial pollution being lowered in Mumbai?

A

Chimneys must be above a certain height so that particulates dispersed more easily by wind and must have filters to take out poisonous gases

20
Q

How are industrial effluents being clamped down on in Mumbai?

A

The authorities began to close all unauthorised activities which discharge effluents into the river

21
Q

How was rubbish collection changed?

A

A proper system was set up to prevent citizens dumping rubbish into the river

22
Q

What were people employed to do?

A

Those without jobs were employed to keep the river clean

23
Q

What will be installed on the banks of the River Mithi?

A

Sewers, and sewage treatment plants

24
Q

What is going to be done to the river bed?

A

It will be dredged to improve its carrying capacity

25
Q

What is the T-charge?

A

A £10 charge paid by motorists driving into central London between 7am and 6pm

26
Q

Which drivers have to pay the charges?

A

Those with the most polluting vehicles

27
Q

How much money has been put in place to improve air quality in London by DEFRA?

A

£3 billion

28
Q

What provisions have been put in place to improve London’s water quality?

A

Definitions of controlled waters
Water Protection zones and Nitrate Sensitive Areas
Offences of Polluting Controlled Waters
Discharge consents

29
Q

What strategies has London put in place to improve water quality?

A

Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems

30
Q

What is dereliction?

A

Buildings that have become dilapidated after being abandoned in urban areas, often caused by industrial decline

31
Q

What are the impacts of dereliction?

A

Loss of tourism
Becomes an eyesore in the town
Can become home to squatters or animals
More difficult to regenerate the area

32
Q

What is a brownfield site?

A

A piece of land which already has some construction and may well now be derelict

33
Q

What is an example of a transformed derelict area?

A

The Olympic Park, East London