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Human Geography - A level AQA > 🧍Case Study - London > Flashcards

🧍Case Study - London Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the population of London?

A

8.7 million

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2
Q

What is the population expected to be by 2050?

A

11 million

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3
Q

What area does London cover?

A

1579 square kilometres

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4
Q

What is the population density of London?

A

4542 people per square kilometre

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5
Q

Where does London rank globally in terms of size>

A

14th

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6
Q

What is the climate?

A

Temperate, maritime, highs of 30 degrees in summer and lows of 2 degrees in winter

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7
Q

What is the topography of London?

A

Fairly flat with the river Thames flowing through the centre

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8
Q

For every 1% increase in population, how much does GDP increase?

A

1.5%

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9
Q

How much do migrants contribute to the economy?

A

£3 billion in net tax

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10
Q

How much less likely than UK born residents are migrants to receive benefits?

A

60%

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11
Q

What does London have a reputation for being?

A

An economic powerhouse, financial hub and centre for software and multimedia development

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12
Q

How do the rich live in London?

A

With multimillion pound houses, well paid jobs with six figure bonuses, use of private schools and healthcare

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13
Q

How do the poor live in London?

A

Jobs below minimum wage, lack of leisure time due to having multiple jobs, fear of crime and gang violence

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14
Q

Which borough has the greatest imbalance between high and low earners?

A

Kensington and Chelsea

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15
Q

What is the difference in pay between residents of Kensington and Chelsea?

A

Top 1/4 earn at least £41 an hour, bottom 1/4 earn less than £12 an hour

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16
Q

What is the economic imbalance in London like?

A

16% of population in the poorest 1/10th nationally, and 17% of population in richest 1/10th nationally.

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17
Q

How much of their weekly income can poorer residents expect to spend on rent?

A

50%

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18
Q

How do schools in poorer areas compare to those in richer ones?

A

Schools in poorer parts have the lowest number of GCSE points per pupil, and exam grades are not equal across London

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19
Q

How does life expectancy compare between poorer and richer parts of the city?

A

People in richer parts often live longer. In 2011 census, the % of people reporting themselves as ‘not in good health’ lived in some of the poorest areas

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20
Q

What issues do multicultural areas face?

A

Overcrowding, low wages, dependence on social housing

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21
Q

How are ethnic minorities affected in terms of health?

A

They often lack resistance to childhood diseases, especially new migrants in overcrowded conditions

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22
Q

What social barriers affect women of ethnic minorities?

A

Language barriers and societal differences

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23
Q

How does the city perform in terms of higher education?

A

It performs well globally for the number of people in higher education, as well as for the quality of its universities.

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24
Q

How does social isolation affect people?

A

It is particularly prominent in older people, new parents and ethnic minorities

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25
Q

How does well being fare in London?

A

Feelings of happiness, life satisfaction and worthwhile are all below UK average, which feelings of anxiety are above average

26
Q

How many languages are spoken in London?

A

More than 300

27
Q

How many non-indigenous communities of 10,000 or more are there in London?

A

50 or more

28
Q

How is London seen on a global scale?

A

As one of the most cosmopolitan and tolerant cities in the world

29
Q

What is the river Thames used for?

A

Transportation of goods such as coal and timber, as well as recreation

30
Q

How many Royal Parks does London have?

A

8

31
Q

When was the Clean Air Act introduced?

A

1956

32
Q

How much warmer is the centre of London compared to the surrounding rural areas?

A

Up to 10 degrees

33
Q

How many UNESO world heritage sites does London have?

A

4

34
Q

What is the student population of London?

A

378,000

35
Q

What percentage of all deaths are linked to pollution?

A

5.3%

36
Q

Which boroughs have the highest percentage of air pollution related deaths?

A

Kensington & Chelsea and Westminster - 8.3%

37
Q

Why is London at risk from flooding?

A

It has 5 potential flood sources, tidal, fluvial, surface, sewer and groundwater due to its position

38
Q

How to Nitrogen Dioxide levels compare to other EU cities?

A

They are above the legal limit set by the EU

39
Q

How much of London is on a floodplain?

A

15%

40
Q

What infrastructure lies on the floodplain?

A

49 railway stations
75 underground stations
10 hospitals

41
Q

How is London impacted by deindustrialisation?

A

Parts are going into decline as industry moves to the outskirts of the city, building left derelict and people out of work

42
Q

What other type of pollution is a problem in London?

A

Noise pollution from traffic, construction and busy streets

43
Q

How does London rank in terms of sustainability?

A

9th in the world

44
Q

What is the majority of pollution caused by?

A

Road transport and domestic or commercial heating systems

45
Q

What progress is being made in terms of transport?

A

Single-decker buses are being made electric and fares are being reconsidered

46
Q

How are commercial buildings in the city being changed?

A

They are being made more energy efficient by using solar shading and low energy lighting to help reduce carbon emissions and heat build up, reducing the need for air con

47
Q

How are many buildings now generating electricity?

A

Using photo-voltaic panels to generate it without using carbon

48
Q

What has been done for the environment in Barnes, SW London?

A

Four disused, concrete lined reservoirs have been landscaped into an area of wetland habitat, with 180,000 visitors anually

49
Q

How multicultural is London?

A

West London in particular is a ‘myriad’ of different cultures - Pakistani, Eastern European, Jamaican etc.

50
Q

How does ethnicity in London compare to the rest of the UK?

A

It has the lowest white ethnicity and highest proportions of Asian, and Black African, Caribbean backgrounds in the UK

51
Q

What proportion of Londoners are from Black or minority ethnic communities?

A

Almost 1/3

52
Q

How many main waves of migration has London seen?

A

Two

53
Q

What do many people migrate to London for?

A

Education - increasing specialisation in functions requiring graduate level skills, general level of qualification higher in migrants than in native labour force

54
Q

What are Ealing, Hounslow and Southall known as?

A

Little India

55
Q

What percentage of Southall’s residents are Indian or Pakistani?

A

Over half

56
Q

When did slum conditions develop in West London?

A

1950s, when large middle class houses were split up into lodgings and Caribbean migrants moved in

57
Q

How many languages are spoken in Hounslow?

A

120

58
Q

What percentage of the population of Hounslow are from minority ethnic groups?

A

35%

59
Q

What impact did the Notting Hill Carnival have?

A

Set up in 1964, it brought about feelings of ‘cultural togetherness’

60
Q

In a 2015 poll, what did 60% of residents in Cardiff, Bristol and Glasgow believe about the government?

A

That too many of its decisions were focused on London due to the location of Parliament

61
Q

What are the words most often used to describe London?

A 
Expensive
Crowded
Cosmopolitan
Diverse
Chaotic
Impersonal
62
Q

How important is immigration as a key issue to voters?

A

Second most important after the economy

Human Geography - A level AQA (44 decks)

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