🧍3.2.3.1 - Urbanisation

Question 1

What is urbanisation?

Answer 1

An increase in the proportion of a country’s population living in an urban area

Question 2

What is suburbanisation?

Answer 2

The decentralisation of people, employment and services towards the edges of an urban area

Question 3

What is counter-urbanisation?

Answer 3

Population movement from large urban areas to smaller urban settlements and rural areas

Question 4

What is urban resurgence?

Answer 4

Population movement away from rural areas and back to urban ones

Question 5

What is urban growth?

Answer 5

Increase in the total population of a town or city

Question 6

What is urban expansion?

Answer 6

Increase in physical size/footprint of a town or city

Question 7

Why are urban areas important?

Answer 7

Organisation of economic production
Exchange of ideas/creative thinking
Social and cultural centres
Centres of political power and decision making

Question 8

What is urbanism?

Answer 8

The idea that there is a certain way of living and functioning in urban areas, a lifestyle

Question 9

Where is most urbanisation taking place?

Answer 9

Asia and Africa

Question 10

Why can data on urbanisation be unreliable?

Answer 10

All countries define it differently

Question 11

What is a megacity?

Answer 11

A metropolitan area with a total population in excess of 10 million

Question 12

What is a metacity?

Answer 12

A metropolitan area with a total population in excess of 20 million

Question 13

How much of the world’s population lived in urban areas in 2014?

Answer 13

54%

Question 14

What are world cities?

Answer 14

Cities seen to have an impact and important role in the global economic system and that link with other cities

Question 15

What are the features of world cities?

Answer 15

Highly interconnected, usually MEDCs due to stable financial influence

Question 16

What is an Alpha ++ city?

Answer 16

Cities most integrated within the economy

Question 17

What is an Alpha + city?

Answer 17

Advanced service niches for the global economy

Question 18

What is a Beta city?

Answer 18

Cities that link moderate economic regions into the world economy.

Question 19

What is urban growth caused by?

Answer 19

Population growth and rural to urban migration

Question 20

What are the consequences of urban growth?

Answer 20

Urban sprawl
More infrastructure required
Loss of wildlife and habitat
Commuting, congestion and pollution
Increased fuel consumption

Question 21

What are push factors for rural to urban migration?

Answer 21

Agricultural problems such as low rainfall, divisions of land
High levels of local disease and inadequate medical provisions
Wars and civil strife
Natural disasters

Question 22

What are pull factors for rural to urban migration?

Answer 22

Employment in factories and service industry, better paid than in rural areas
High demand for unskilled labour
Informal sector jobs, goods and transport etc
Better quality provisions such as education, healthcare

Question 23

What is deindustrialisation?

Answer 23

The loss of jobs in the manufacturing sector, movement out of the city

Question 24

What are factors affecting deindustrialisation?

Answer 24

Mechanisation - no longer need people
Competition from imports - cheap products from China
Reduced demand for traditional products such as steel

Question 25

What are the characteristics of suburbanisation?

Answer 25

Arterial roads and railway lines
Ribbon developments
Private housing estates

Question 26

What are the causes of suburbanisation?

Answer 26

Outward growth of urban developments which engulfs surrounding areas
Improved transport, commuting
Inner cities become less desirable

Question 27

What are the effects of suburbanisation?

Answer 27

More car use, better public transport
Greenbelts created to control developments
Urban sprawl, less environment
Funding moved out of inner city

Question 28

What are the characteristics of Counter-urbanisation?

Answer 28

Movement of people from major urban areas to smaller, rural settlements

Question 29

What are the causes of counter urbanisation?

Answer 29

Cheaper rural house prices, want to escape bust, polluted crime hotspots. Increased car ownership

Question 30

What are the effects of counter urbanisation?

Answer 30

Modern housing estates built in rural areas and old properties refurbished
Tension due to developments
Services shut down such as schools, pubs, post offices etc
Increased local house prices

Question 31

What are the characteristics of urban resurgence?

Answer 31

Economic and structural regeneration of an urban area which had previously suffered decline

Question 32

What are the causes of urban resurgence?

Answer 32

De-industrialisation caused decline

Large events such as Olympics and sports events

Question 33

What are the effects of urban resurgence?

Answer 33

Historic buildings from industry converted into housing
Urban redevelopment schemes
City living becomes more attractive
Pressure n services and infrastructure

Question 34

What are the causes of growth of the service economy?

Answer 34

Population growth, people searching for jobs
Financial services needed to support manufacturing industry
As we become technologically sophisticated, more people are required to service technologies

Question 35

What are issues with growth of the service sector?

Answer 35

Many of the men who lost jobs to deindustrialisation continue to be unemployed
Many service jobs created are only pert time or temporary
The number of service jobs created has not always made up for the loss of jobs through manufacturing

Question 36

Where did deindustrialisation and decentralisation affect the UK in the 1970s?

Answer 36

Sheffield, Yorkshire

Question 37

Where is St Ives?

Answer 37

Cambridgeshire

Question 38

What happened in St Ives?

Answer 38

Counter-urbanisation

Question 39

How much did the population of St Ives grow between the 1960s and 2010s?

Answer 39

From 3800 to 16,400

Question 40

How much of the population of St Ives commute to London every day?

Answer 40

1/4

Question 41

How much have house prices grown by since 2000 in St Ives?

Answer 41

From £130,000 to £291,000

Question 42

How is St Ives managed?

Answer 42

Future developments controlled so that they fit in
Plans to expand primary schools
Flood protection along river
Busway built between St Ives and Cambridge to reduce congestion