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Endocrine > Pituitary Path > Flashcards

Pituitary Path Flashcards

Classify the endocrine disorders associated with pituitary gland and describe their clinicopathologic features Explain the signs, symptoms, prognostic implications and classification of pituitary neoplasms. Describe the major endocrine syndromes associated with pituitary gland

1
Q

most common cause of hyperpituitarism

A

anterior lobe adenoma

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2
Q

most common genetic ateration in pititary adenomas

A

GNAS1

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3
Q

genes in familial pituitary adenomas

A

MEN1, CDKN1B, PRKAR1A, AIP

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4
Q

causes of hypopituitarism

A

ischemic injury, surgery or radiation, inflammation, nonfunctional pituitary adenomas

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5
Q

anterior pituitary hormones

A

ACTH, FSH, GH, PRL. TSH, LH

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6
Q

posterior pititary hormones

A

ADH, oxytocin

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7
Q

stimulatory hypothalmic hormones

A

CRHm GHRHm GnRH TRH

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8
Q

inhibtory hypothalmic hormones

A

GIH, PIH

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9
Q

sx of invading pituitary masses

A

headache, n/v, visual field defects, seizures

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10
Q

rapid enlargement of pituitary lesion causing lowered conciousness

A

apoplexy

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11
Q

most common combo of hormones secreted by tumors

A

GH and prolactin

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12
Q

ACTH secreteing tumors cause

A

cushings, Nelson syndrome

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13
Q

GH secreteing tumors cause

A

gigantism and acromegaly

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14
Q

prolactin secreteing tumors cause

A

galactorreha/amenorrhea in females, sexual disfunction and infertility

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15
Q

FSH/LH secreteing tumors cause

A

hypogonadism

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16
Q

soft, uniform, gelationous pituitary tumors

A

adenomas

17
Q

mutation in more aggressive adenomas

A

TP53

18
Q

most common type of hyperfunctioning adenoma

A

prolactinoma

19
Q

other, non tumor causes of prolactinoma

A

pregnancy, high-dose estrogen therapy, renal failure, hypothyroidism, hypolathalmic lesions, dopamine inhibiting drugs

20
Q

inhibits prolactin

A

dopamine

21
Q

persistant hypersecretion of GH causes

A

hepatic secretion of insulin like growth factor 1

22
Q

besides gigantism/acromegaly, GH excess causes

A

DM, muscle weakness, hypertension, arthritis, osteporosis, CHF

23
Q

stain positive with PAS stains

A

cortiotrophic hormone producing adenomas

24
Q

large clinically agressive cortiotrophic hormone producing adenomas appearing after removal of adrenal glands

A

Nelson syndrome

25
Q

hypercorticolism caused by excessive pituitary production of ACTH

A

cushing disease

26
Q

hyperpigmentation may be a sign of

A

ACTH secreting tumor

27
Q

post-partum necrosis of anterior pituary after tramautic childbirth

A

sheehan syndrome

28
Q

other causes of pituitary necrosis (than sheehan)

A

DIC, Sickle Cell, elevated intracranial pressure, traumatic injury, shock

29
Q

results in pituitary dwarfism

A

GH deficincy

30
Q

GnRH or gonadotropin deficincy causes what in men

A

lost of pubic/axillary hair

31
Q

lack of ADH

A

central diabetes insipidis

32
Q

too much ADH usually a sign of

A

small cell carcinoma of lung or damage to hypothalmus

Endocrine (13 decks)

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