Path PTH Flashcards
List the causes of hyperparathyroidism and hypoparatyroidism List the symptoms of hypercalcemia and hypocalcemia Be able to interpret parathyroid hormone levels and describe what they mean for the patient
PTH actions in the body
increase renal tubular resbsorption of calcium
increase in urinary phosphate excretion
increase conversion of Vit D to active form - augmenting GI Ca absorption
inhancement of osteoclastic
most common cause of hyperparathyroidism
adenoma
syndromes causing hyperparathyroidism
MEN1/2
caused by inactivating mutations in the Ca sensing receptor gene on PT cells
familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia
gene mutations in PT tumors
Cyclin D1 inversion, MEN1
common clinical finding of PT adenoma
adenoma in one glad, shrinkage of other glands
type of cell in PT adenoma
chief cell
multiglandular hyperparathyroid process
parathyroid hyperplasia
gray-white irregular masses
PT carcinoma
water-clear cell hyperplasia
parathyroid hyperplasia
definitve criteria of PT carcinoma
invasion of surrounding tissues
grossly thinned bone cortex, fibrous tissue in marrow, with foci of hemmorrage and cysts
osteitis fibrosa systic
agreggates of osteoclasts, reactive giant cells, looks like neoplasms
brown tumors of hyperPTism
other systemic issues in hyperPTism
urinary tract stones, calicification of renal intersistim and tubles, CV and other organ califications
sign of PTH hyperfunction
high Ca, and High PTH
painful bones, renal stones, abominal groans, psychic moans
primaryhyperPTHism
most common cause of secondary hyperPTism
renal failure
depresses serum calcium levels
hyperphoshatemia
how kidneys cause 2ndary hyperPTHism
decreased phostpage excretion and inability to sythesize active Vitamin D
Both lead to low serum calcium - leading to hyper PTHism
increased chief cells, few fat cells, and metastatic calcification
2ndary PTHism
ischemic damage to skin and organs from metastatric calcification
calciphylaxis
treatment for thertiary hyperPTHism
PTHectomy
most important cause of symptomatic hypercalcimia
malignancy
malignancies that can cause high calcium
mets to bone or PTH tumor
syndrome with congenital PTH absence
Di George
thymic displaysia, PTH absence and cardiac defects
Di George
Di George deletion
22q11
autoimmune hypoPTHism
hereidetary polyglandular decifiency
sx of low calicum
tingling, muscle spasms, facial grimicing, tetany, arrythmias, ICP and seizures
