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Endocrine > Diabetus TBL > Flashcards

Diabetus TBL Flashcards

1
Q

insulin MOA

A

activates the TK insulin receptors on liver, skeltal muscle and adipose tissue

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2
Q

effects of insulin on liver

A

increases glucose storage by inserting additional GLUT2 receptors and decreases protein metabolism

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3
Q

effects of insulin on skeletal muscle

A

stimulates glycogen synthesis and protein syntheis by activating glut4 receptors

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4
Q

effects of insulin on adipose tissue

A

facilities trigliceride storage by activating lipoprotein lipase inceraseing glucose uptake into cells via glut4

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5
Q

rapid acting insulin

A

lispro aspar glulisine

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6
Q

use of rapid acting insulin

A

before a meal, continupus subQ infusion, emergancy treatment for ketoacidosis

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7
Q

intermediate-acting insulin

A

hagedom

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8
Q

long acting insulin

A

glargine and detemir

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9
Q

use of long actine insulin

A

control basal glucose levels

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10
Q

SE of insulin

A

hypoglycemia

rare allergic reactions

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11
Q

population with risk of insulin hypoglycemia

A

old and kidney pts

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12
Q

metformin

A

inhibits gluconeogenesis, stimulating glucose uptake and glycolosis on peripheral tissuesm slowing glucose uptake in GI and reducing plasma glucgon levels

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13
Q

effects of metformin

A

reduces postprandial and fasting glucose levels

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14
Q

use of metformin

A

first line in Type II DM

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15
Q

restores infertility with PCOD and insulin resistance

A

metformin

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16
Q

used to reduce risk of DM in high risk pts

A

metformin

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17
Q

SE of metformin

A

GI distress

n/v leading to acidocis

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18
Q

tolbutamide

A

sulfonylureas

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19
Q

cholorpropamide

A

sulfonylureas

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20
Q

glyburide

A

sulfonylureas

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21
Q

glipizide

A

sulfonylureas

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22
Q

glimepiride

A

sulfonylureas

23
Q

MOA of sulfonylureas

A

closes K channels in beta cell membranes resulting in depolarizing cells

24
Q

effect of sulfonylureas

A

release of endogenous insulin by beta cells

25
Q

sulfonylureas will not work on

A

Juvinle diabetes

26
Q

SE of sulfonylureas

A

hypoglycemia
allergic rxn
weight gain

27
Q

rosiglitazone

A

thiazoledindiones

28
Q

pioglizatone

A

thiazoledindiones

29
Q

thiazoledindiones MOA

A

activates PPAR-y which regulates genes involved in carbohydrate and lipd metabolism

30
Q

thiazoledindiones effect

A

increase insulin sensitivity in muscle and adipose and inhibits hepatic gluconeogenesis

31
Q

thiazoledindiones use

A

reduce fasting and postprandial hyperglycemia

32
Q

SE of thiazoledindiones

A

fluid retension
anemia
Edema leading to increased risk of CHF
bone fractures in women

33
Q

drug that has MI risk

A

rosiglitizone

34
Q

drug class with liver risk

A

thiazoledindiones

35
Q

inhbits DPP-4 degrading glucagon like peptide and other incretins

A

sitagliptin

36
Q

use of sitagliptin

A

DM2

37
Q

SE of sitagliptin

A

headachem nasopharyngitis URTI

38
Q

can mask sx of hypoglycemis

A

beta-blockers

39
Q

diuretics that can impair release of insulin and tissue utilization of glucose

A

thiazide

40
Q

pathogenisis of DM1

A

lack of insulin secretion due to loss of beta cells -auto-immune destruction of Beta cells by T-cells

41
Q

pathogenisis of DMII

A

peripheral resistance to insulin and inadequate compensatory response by beta cells

42
Q

mutations in DMI

A

CTLA4 and PTPN22

43
Q

diseases that can trigger diabetes

A

mumps, rubella, coxsackie

44
Q

inhibtors of insulin signalling

A

TGs

45
Q

replaces islets of langerhauns in long term DMII

A

amyloid

46
Q

DX criteria of DM

A

HbA1C > 6.4 OR
fasting glucose >125 OR
>200 mg/dl in glucose tolerance test OR
SX of hyperglycemia/hyperglycemic crisis and random glucose over 200

47
Q

goals of insulin therapy

A

get A1C at or below 7%
possibly higher if pt is sick
possibly lower if pt is young and healthy

48
Q

complications of DM

A 
pancreatic changes
CVD
stroke
renal failure
gangrene
hyalline arteriosclerosis
Diabetic neuropathy
visual impairments
CNS damage
infection
49
Q

BP goals for diabetiics

A

better than 140/80

50
Q

pharm therapy for HTN in diabetes

A

ACEi or ARB

51
Q

preggers BP goals in diabetics

A

110-129/65-79

52
Q

contraindicated in preggers

A

ARBs and ACE inhibitors, statins

53
Q

fats goals

A

TG 40

Endocrine (13 decks)

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