Pigs Flashcards
how many pigs do indoor sows rear/yr
26
what are the growing weight targets
30kg @ 3mo
120kg @ 5mo
what is the target slaughter weight now
80kg (4mo ish)
what is the difference bw enzootic and endemic
none - just enzootic doesn’t infer human at all
is there any pre-natal transfer ofAb
no
do farm animal vaccine eliminate the disease
no - just reduce severity of symptoms
what diseases are vaccinated against in sows
- Preservice:
a. 2x dose of erysipelas
b. Parvo 2 wks before service
c. PRRS is the farm is +ve
d. Lepto
e. PCV-2 booster - Post-service
a. E coli
b. C perfringens (with e coli too)
c. Erysipelas booster
d. Progressive atrophic rhinitis
boost forever after
what disease do you vaccinar growers against
- M hyo - from 3 do (induced CMI not Ab so MDA doesn’t affect
- Pcv2 - combos with M hyo
- E coli shiga toxin (4do)
- Prrs 3wo
- Lawsonia 3wo
- Glassers 5wo x 2
- Actin pleuropneumoniae 6wo
what vaccinations do we give the pregnant sow before parturition to protect the piglets (via colostrum)
e coli c perfringens erysipelas haeamophilus parasuis AR strep suis var 2 PCV2 PRRS
why is water admin of vaccine often a bad idea
if you have chlorinated the bore hole water - kills vacc
desc where you give IM inj in igs
behind ear
lat-dorsal
where the dorsal rim of the ear would be if you flattened it back
what are thee grade 1 - first choice abx
tetracycline
penicillin
aminoglycosides
what do lots of water medications use as a carrier and why is this a potential issue
sucrose
yeast might start to grow in water tanks!
name the main anti-coccidiostat used
toltrazuril
how much do pigs drink in a day
100ml/kg/d
generally, what is the appetite of pigs
weaners/grower - 2-4% BWt/d
dry sows - 1.5% BWT/d
lactating sows - 0.5-5% BWt/d
what is the born alive target
11.5/litter
what is the farrowing index target
2.4litters/yr
what are the main reasons for infertility/reduced fertility
nutrition
crap AI/service and hygiene –> cervicitis
mycotoxis
stress
seasona (august)
pigs rarely suffer from anoestrus (farmer error),
a good way to improve fertility is to synchronise the individuals
GILTS:
- give altrenogest (regiment) for 18d, then predictable oestrous 5-7d after stopped
SOWS:
- use regumate in farrowing shed to delay, oestrous 5-7d after end
what do GnRH analogues do
give after weaning to stimulate ovulation (inc FSH and LH). they will ovulate 1.5d later
names ome infectiou scauses of foetal death - which ones cause abortions
SMEDI - no abortion Parvo - no abortion Aujeszkys - abortion PRRS - +- abortion (may be born weak) Erysipelas - abortion Lepto - abortion
when is the target age and weight to mate a gilt
130kg @ 220do
how do you treat dystocia in pigs
- pull around eye sockets carefully
- oxytocin (02ml at farrwing - low dose)
- anti-inflame/NSAIDs
- PGs if predicting issue as these are 24hr before due date
what do you use to sedate and GA pigs
sedate - azaperone
GA - ketmine
why are uterine prolapses os scary
the uterus is held in place by the uterine arteries.. so if they go - ahhhh
why do piglet die
small a-glucosaemia - one teat has no milk starved laid on cold - no brown fat
what is MMA
mastitis, metritis, agalactia
‘farrowing fever’
gorging pre-farrowing, constipation, DH, poor BCS, coliform, klebsiella
how do you tx MMA
dex
oxytocin
trimethroprim sulphonamides
analgesia
what are the viral, bacterial and parasitic causes of scour
- rotavirus
- PED
- PRRS
- e coli
- c perfringens type A, B, C
- isospora suis
- crypto
- strongyloides
WHAT ARE SOM ENON-INFECTIOUS CAUSES OF SCOUR
- milk crap nutition crap hygiene lack of colostrum chilling fostering
why is a 1kg loss of BWt at weaning significant later on
means a loss of 10d until reches slaughter weight
what is the min weaning age
21d (EU) but 28d legally (UK), UK ave 20-30…..
why is acidified water commonly used in weaners
to get stomach pH for 4, not the 5.5 its currently at - reduce bacterial overgrowth!
why do weaner get so many GI disease
stress house change weaned diet change mixed groups colder gorge themselves dirtier
name som eddx for enteritis in weaners
salm e coli nutritional rotavirus PMWS ileitis and colitis PED (not in UK yet)
name the major disease of growers (not just infectious..!)
PRDC enteritic agents vices erysipelas lameness
where do you have to go to find ID questions
3rd year ID FC and notes!
growers often get scours from poor nutrition, gorgeing, restricted cereal feeds, and brachyspira and lawsonia infections. how do you treat them
lincomycin and spectinomycin
vices are because they are bored, right?
NO frustration and discontentment draughts inapprop stocking insuff food or water
what is a common cause of arthritis inn old sows
mycoplasma hysynoviae
will respond to tiamulin and lincomycin, unlike a OCD (a ddx)
pet pigs, partic when on small hodling, are at risk from what 2 disease of sheep and cattle
cattle - MCF
sheep - ovine herpes 2
name the zoonotic disease pigs can get (and spread!) - that are actually impt in UK
swine flu strep suis var 2 salmonella ringworm lepto hep E (if you eat raw liver....eww) e coli campylobacter jejuni crypto
pet pigs get fed stupid diets, they are often deficient in:
vitB (biotin - cracke dhooves)
vit E
Zn (parakeratosis)
EFAs
how do you tx erysipelas
- vacc 2x yr
penicillin tx
what is the pig louse calles
hamaetopinus parasuis
whats a basic tx plan for septicaemis
penicillin - h. parasuis, APP, strep and staph
tetraclycine - h. parasuis, pasteruella
florfenical if stubborn
basic desc of how youd castracte boars
sedate accurately as azaperone (stresnil) can cause excitement! 2x incisions; twist and pull leave open abx cover and tetanus **<7do anyone can do it..*
what is a routine worming protocolq
4x yr with panacur (flubendazole)
- ascarids, trichuris, hyostrongylus, oesophagostomum, metastrongyle
what needle for IM injection of pig
1.5 inche; 16G
what needle for IM piglet
1.5inch, 21G
is stresnil (azaperone) and analgesic and sedative
NO just seative
what analgesics can be used in pigs
most NSAIDs. bute - not allowed in foodchain - but how is this monitored?
how do you euthanase a pig
with difficulty:
- gun preferred
- must pithe!
what causes poisoning in pigs
same as other spp mainly phenols anti-freeze OPs Pb warfarin phototoxicity - parsley monensine (coccidiostat)
what do you do when you suspect a Notifiable disease
report to APHA
DONT LEAVE
if an outbreak of diseases, during an investigation how many PME shuld you do
5 at least
desc basic method of PME-ing a pog
- Axilla, to flatten legs
- Cut down to hip joint
- Open adbo cranial lay near the diaphragm (care)
- Open fully using scalpel upside down
- Reflect skin
- Cut around sternum at costochondral jct
- Spread ribs
- Cut to base of mouth
what is feedback feeding
feeding poo to gilts to give their babies protection against rotavirus…
