Bovine resp Flashcards
why are bovines prone to respiratory diseases?
small lung:body ration lots of lung dead space no collateral ventilation weak alveoli rapid vascocon if PO2 drops crap at fibrinolysis (goo stays put)
what does allow commm/collateral ventilation bw alveoli
pore of kohne - also allows bacterial spread
hwo do you determine if calfs have had colostrum
measure plasma TP (should be over 56g/L)
what on farm factors make resp disease more likely and worse
FPT
pooling colostrum and leaving to grow bacteria (calf shed)
stressors - housing, weaning, disbudding, SARA… damages LRT immune cellls
crap air quality – damages mucocillary escalator
give 7 infectious causes of pneumonia
PI3 RSV IBR (herpes 1) mycoplasma bovis pasturella multocida mannheimia haemolytica histophilus somni
what environmental factors should farmers endeavour to avoid, to reduce resp disease
no extremes
no overstocking
no more than 2wks age range in a group
no more than 30 animals/air space
what is the crital temperature for a 4wo calf:
- no draught
- some draught
- damp floor
- no = 0 degrees
- some = 9 degrees
- damp = 15 degrees
this is at 4wo when the rumen actually works and keeps the calf warm!
what resp diseases can be ‘acquired’ at pasture
fog fever = HSR to fructans
lungworm = dictylocaulus filaria
for fattening animals, which 3 are the most likely path for resp disease
pasturella
mannheimia
histophilus
what disease is most likely in beef
laryngeal chondritis (of calf diphtheria) - f.necrophorum
what are diary cows more susceptible to?
atrophic rhinitis and enzootic nasal granuloma
its vital that you take samples correctly to be dx. for URT pathogens, how is this done, and for which pathogens
NP swab - viruses: IBR, RSV, PI3
conjunctival swab - mycoplasma and IBR
how do you take LRT samples?
BAL - IBR, mycoplasma, RSV, PI3, BVDV + haemophilus
traceo-bronchial washing alternative
how can you dx dictylocaulu
faecal baermanns flotation
describe the 3 easiest ways to assess a buildings ventilation
smoke bomb
tiger stripes + cobwebs
stack effect (lack of biomasss in a big room but no outlet
what is meta-phylaxis
not scientific. means to tx all regardless of disease. recommended if 25+% of group affected
prophylaxis?
treat before any suggestion of disease (vaccination)
what abx is indicated for mycoplasma
tulathromycin (draxxin) - a macrolide
which NSAID is a dairy farmer fave?
ketoprofen - NO milk withold
whn should you vac spring-born suckler clafs
before housing - last dose 2wks before
what are the respective uses of live and dead vaccines?
live - promotes the CMI to deal with a recent infection
dead - promotes synth of Ab; if endemic disease, give dead
in naïve animals - give both
what are the minimum space requirement for calves
<6wo - 6m (cubed or sq?)
>6wo - 10m
what is the desired roof inlet and outlet / calf?
- inlet = 0.05msq/calf
- outlet 0.04msq/calf
