Pigs Flashcards
Ascaris suum is where in pigs
Large roundworm of pigs
Distribution: worldwide – very common
What pigs commonly get A.suum and what do they look like
Parasite of grower pigs (2-5 months)
highest prevalence
highest intensity
Morphology - big, white worms
Life cycle of A.suum
Adults in SI
extremely fecund females (2,000,000 epd)
Eggs become infective (L3)
temperature dependent development (days to months)
extremely hardy eggs (7-10 yr. survival)
Hepato-Tracheal migration after ingestion of eggs
Liver - 3-4 days PI
Lungs - 4-6 days PI
Return to SI - 7- 8 days PI
PPP 6-8 wks
Dx. Ascarid eggs in feces – fecal flotation
What happens to the liver when infected with A.suum
MIGRATING LARVAE
Liver – first infection - physical damage
Following infections - hypersensitivity
Allergic inflammation
“Milk-spots”
Condemned livers a problem
Very rarely - severe hepatitis
What happens to lungs infected with A.suum
Emphysema
“Heaves” or “thumps”
May allow entrance of secondary bacterial and viral infections
Other mammals can be infected – sheep, cattle, poultry, Zoonotic
What signs do adult A.suum cause
Subclinical effects
Performance problems
Weight gain, days to market
Obstruction
Perforation of gut wall
Occlude bile duct
How do you control A.suum
Monitor control through fecal flotation
Routine deworm
Keep a clean environemnt
What is essential to know about A.suum
Common in pig barns worldwide
Direct lice cycle
Prevalence and intensity – grower pigs
Egg numbers and egg survival
Zoonotic
Strongyloides ransomi is common where
Distribution worldwide
Warmer climates – southern USA
Parasite of baby pigs
Still nursing
Hygiene??
Morphology of S.ransomi
Morphology – same as all strongyloid you have seen
Life cycle of S.ransomi
Typical Strongyloides: Homogonic and Heterogonic
Prenatal and TRANSMAMMARY are the major routes of infection
Single infection of a sow - affects 3-4 litters
PPP 11 days
What is the Pathogenesis of S.ransomi
Adults in gut - catarrhal enteritis
Haemorrhage
severe even fatal (75% mort)
Dysentery, anemia, wasting, vomiting
Permanent stunting of growth
Dx. - larvated eggs in feces
Oesophagostomum spp. is and common in
O. dentatum
O. quadrispiculatum
Distribution: worldwide
Parasite of pigs in the breeding herd
Life cycle of Oesophagostomum spp
Adults in LI. Infective stage?
Migration route?
PPP 40-50 days
Diagnosis of Oesophagostomum spp.
Dx. - typical strongyle egg
Very similar to Hyostrongylus
What signs can Oesophagostomum spp. cause in pigs
Rarely causes clinical problems
Subclinical and Clinical effects
L4 in mucosa (nodules)
Severe diarrhea, weight loss
Epidemiology
Sows
Trichuris suis is common where
Distribution: worldwide
Parasite of pigs in the grower barn
Trichuris suis morphology
Typical whipworm
Lemon shaped egg
Life cycle of T.suis
Typical trichurid
Eggs in feces
Resilient
L1 infective inside the egg
Mucosal migration
PPP 6 weeks
What is the Pathogenesis of T.suis
Subclinical to clinical effects
Catarrhal enteritis
Mucosal diarrhoea (blood)
Anorexia
Wasting
Anemia
Metastrongylus spp is common where
Pig lungworm
Distribution: worldwide
How big are Metastrongylus spp adults
M-25mm, F-48 mm
Life cycle of Metastrongylus spp
Indirect (earthworm IH)
Adults in lungs
Larvated eggs in feces
IH ingests egg or hatched L1
L1-L3 in IH
Long term survival of larval stage
Pig ingests IH
Migration - lymphatics and vasculature to lungs
PPP 24-28d
Pathogenesis of Metastrongylus spp
Similar to D.viviparus in cattle
Newly arived larvae
Adults in bronchi
Eggs are aspirated into alveoli
Most severe towards end of PPP
How do you diagnose Metastrongylus spp
Eggs in feces
Sarcoptes mites in pigs look like
BURROWING MITE
Dorso-ventrally flattened
Eight very short legs
Can infect people and pigs
What are pig lice
Anoplura
Sucking lice
Haematopinus suis
Coccidiosis in pigs is caused by and common in
8 Eimeria sp. – harmless
Custosporoa suis
Common in 7-14 day old piglets
What are the c/s of coccidiosis in pigs
Yellow-gray diarrhoea – pasty loss of condition/dehydration
Toxoplasmosis in pigs
Pigs are a common intermediate host for toxoplasma gondii – and a source of human infection
Pigs most often acquired
Toxoplasma horizontally (don’t let cats defecate on
Pig feed)
Weaned pigs fed oocysts or tissue cysts generally developed weight loss, anorexia, fever, but generally recovered by three weeks p.i.
