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Parisitology > Dogs and cats arthropods > Flashcards

Dogs and cats arthropods Flashcards

1
Q

Lice of dogs

A

Trichodectes canis- shewing
Lignoghathus setosus- sucking

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2
Q

Lice of cats

A

Felicola subrostratus-chewing

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3
Q

Life cycle of sucking louse

A

Entire life cycle on host
Eggs(nits)
Nymph
Adult- suck blood

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4
Q

Pathogenesis of pediculosis

A

No effects
Dermatitis- head and back
Pruritus (itchy) and hair loss
Anemia (sucking lice)
Pathogen transmission (rare)
I.e. dog chewing louse IH for Dipylidium caninum

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5
Q

Diagnosis of lice

A

Young, stressed pets
Older animals with concomitant dz
Clinical appearance
Direct observation
Lice or nits
Comb, tape +/- KOH digestion

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6
Q

What to treat for lice

A

Topical insecticides as shampoo, dips, spotons
Have to retreat in 1-2 weeks (nits resistant)
Many of these are unsafe for cats
Many oral and topical flea and tick control products work on lice, often as a single application
Selamectin, isoxazolines
Systemic treatments may work better on sucking lice then chewing lice
Address fomite/contact with other infected animals

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7
Q

Human lice

A

Sucking lice ONLY
Head, body, and pudic lice
Rarely may find on pets (not source!)
Dorsoventrally flattened, wingless, six legs, thick antennae, conical head
Have eyes animal lice do not

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8
Q

Fleas in cats and dogs

A

Ctenocephalides felis (CATS, DOGS >50 spp)
Ctenocephalides canis (dogs, wild canids)
Pulex spp. (and many other species)(birds, wildlife,s sometimes pets)
95% of fleas live as immature stages in the pets surroundings

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9
Q

Cat flea looks like

A

Flat head
Laterlly flattened
Wingless
Six legs
Combs (ctendia)

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10
Q

Dog flea looks like

A

Round head
Pronotal combs
Genal combs

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11
Q

Life cycle of flea

A

Pupae live for 4-5 months: environmentally resistant resevoir
Life cycle last at least 3 weeks
Adults on host
eggs in enviro
larvae in enviro
pupae in enviro

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12
Q

Pathogenesis of fleas

A

Anemia (rare, young animals)
Dermatitis
Flea-bite hypersensitivity (flea-bite allergic dermatitis, FAD)
Pathogen transmission
IH for dipylidium caninum
Bartonella henselae (cat scratch fever)
Rickettsia spp. (Yersinia pestis-plague)- rodent fleas

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13
Q

Flea-bite allergic dermatitis

A

Intense pruritus, but often can’t find a single flea
Ddx: other allergies, mange
Treat on suspicion with adulticide

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14
Q

Diagnosis of fleas

A

Direct examination/comb
Flea dirt
Intradermal testing for hyposensitivity

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15
Q

treatment for fleas

A

Many products are available for flea control
Most are excellent and work very quickly
Environmental (vacuum, sprays)

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16
Q

Life cycle of Cuterebra spp

A

Adult fly lays eggs around enterance to burrow in spring
Larvae (L1) enters through a natural opening (nose or wound) of passing dog or cat
Develops from l1-3 in SQ of host for 3-7 weeks
Pupae overwinters in environment
Grows to Adult

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17
Q

Health significance, diagnosis and treatment of Cuterebra

A

Generally little
Rarely, abscesses in SQ, brain
Diagnosis: swelling, breathing hole, larval emergence, seasonal timing (late summer, fall)
Rx: excise, do not crush-anaphylaxis!
Zoonosis rare: dermal and nasal

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18
Q

Family Ixodidae (hard ticks) sex’s are determined by

A

Sexual dimorphism obvious
Males: scutum over whole back
Females: anterior scutum
Scutum may be ornate
Festoons may be present

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19
Q

Ticks established in western canada

A

Dermacentor variabilis, american dog tick (AB, SK,MB)
D.andersoni, rocky mountain wood tick (BC, AB,SK)
Ixodes scapularis, eastern black legged tick (only southern MB-so far)
I.pacificus, western black legged tick (BC coast)
Wildlife ticks are occasionally found on pets

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20
Q

Pathogenesis of tick infestation (acariasis)

A

All ticks
Anemia
Dermatitis
Alopecia
Local bacterial infection of bites
Some sp.
Paralysis: salivary toxin of female tick
Alpha-gal syndrome (red meat allergy)
Pathogen transmission

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21
Q

Dermacentor variabilis is and can transmit

A

American dog tick
3 host tick
Potentially transmit
Rocky mountain spotted fever (rickettsia)
Tularemia (bacterium)
Ehrlichia canis (and other spp,; rickettsia)
Pathogen prevalence in western canada very low

22
Q

Dermacentor andersoni is and transmits

A

Rocky mountain wood tick
3 host tick
Transmits
Rocky mountain spotted fever (rickettsia)
Tularemia (bacteria)
Colorado tick fever (virus)
Tick paralysis in BC
Pathogen prevalence in western canada very low

23
Q

Types of ixodid ticks

A

ixodes scapularis (I.dammini)
I. pacificus
Eastern and western (respectively)
Deer tick/black legged ticks
3 host ticks
Anaplasma phagocytophilum
Borrelia burgdorferi (lyme disease)
Borrelia miyamotoi (relapsing fever)
Babesia microti
Ehrlichia muris
Francisella tularensis
Powassan virus

24
Q

Foreign ticks to watch for in canada

A

Rhipicephalus sanguineus, brown dog tick
Travel from US, europe, tropics
Amblyomma americanum, lone star tick
Travel from eastern USA (S.ON?)
Alpha gal syndrome in people
Cytauxzoon felis (protozoan, piroplasm) in cats
Amblyomma maculatum, gulf coast tick
Travel from south eastern USA
Hepatozoon americanum (protozoan, apicomplexan) in dogs

25
Q

Rhipicephalus sanguineus is and can transmit

A

Brown dog tick
3 host tick- all hosts are dogs (rarely people)
Rock mountain spotted fever (rickettsia)
Ehrlichia canis (rickettsia)
Babesia canis (piroplasmosis, protozoan) *not in Canada
Introduced from warmer regions; kennels; houses

26
Q

Diagnosis of ticks

A

Direct observation/clinical appearance
Collect and store fresh, frozen or ethanol
Identification to genus usually sufficient

27
Q

Treatment of ticks

A

environmental/behavioural modification
Manual removal (within 12-24 hours)
Repellents: topical insecticides, collars
Systemic: oral isoxazolines, topical selamectin
Lyme testing and vaccination?

28
Q

Lyme disease and dogs

A

A few dogs exposed in non endemic regions
Many dogs exposed in endemic regions
Exposure can be detected using 4dx test at least 6-8 weeks after tick bite
95% will never develop clinical signs

29
Q

What might you see with dogs with lyme and when

A

At 2-5 months post exposure, may see
Shifting lameness (arthritis), anorexia and low-grade fever
Nephritis most common clinical sign
Rarely neurological, cardiac, and ocular issues

30
Q

Life cycle of mites

A

Adults lay eggs
Larvae hatch-have six leggs
Nymphs - devlope to 8 legs
life cycel takes at least 10-21 days

31
Q

Pathogenesis of mite acariasis

A

Range from no effects to severe dermatitis (mange)
Hypersensitivity
Excoriation and secondary bacterial infection

32
Q

Surface mites of dogs and cats

A

Cheyletiella yasguri (dogs)
C.blakei (cats)
C. parasitivorax (rabbits, common)
Zoonotic

33
Q

Eat mites are and cause

A

Otodectes cynotis (CATS, dogs)
50% of otitis cases in cats is due to ear mites
<10% of otitis cases in dogs due to ear mites
Highly contagious, usually not zoonotic (transient)

34
Q

Otodectes mites clinical signs

A

Pruritus
Head shaking
Behavioural disturbances (hypersensitivity)
Worse in young and immunocompromised

35
Q

Burrowing mites in cats and dogs

A

Sarcoptes sp.- canine scabies mite

Notoedres sp. - feline scabies mite

Demodex spp.- demodectic mange

36
Q

Characteristics of sarcoptes

A

Highly contagious with other dogs, wild canids, transiently zoonotic (self resolving)
Adults survive in cool, humid environments for up to 3 wks

37
Q

Characteristics of Notoedres sp

A

Smaller than Sarcoptes
Highly contagious among cats; transient zoonoses

38
Q

Signs of sarcoptic mange

A

Hairless ares
Ears, elbows, ventrum, tarsal
Intense pruritus (HS)
Erythema
Crusts
Hair loss, excoriation
Hyperkeratosis
+/- mites

39
Q

Signs of Notoedres sp.- feline scabies

A

Ears
Then face, slides +/- feet and perineum
Intense pruritus
Dey, crusty skin
Hair loss, excoriation
Hyperkeratosis
Lymphadenopathy

40
Q

Demodex spp are and how are they transmitted

A

Dog: D.canis
Cat: D.cati, demodex sp.
Not zoonotic, not contagious
No environmental survival
“Vertical” transmission; close contact with dam
Live in hair follicles and sebaceous glands (squeeze!)
Eight legs on thorax

41
Q

Demodectic mange in dogs

A

Clinical presentations
Most asymptomatic (normal fauna)
Localized demodicosis
Generalized demodicosis

42
Q

Localized demodicosis is common in and signs

A

Young (3-18 months)
Mouth
Eye
Forelegs
Rarely ear canal
Focal alopecia
Silver scaling
Not pruritic
Self resolving: most cure within 1-2 mos

43
Q

Generalized demodicosis is and c/s

A

Any age,better prognosis for young
Starts face and limbs
> or equal to 5 lesions
Pustular form
Folliculitis
Hyperkeratosis
Painful, not pruritic unless 2* bacteria
Even sepsis, death

44
Q

Demidicosis in young animals

A

(3-18 months)
Localized: excellent prognosis, often self recovery
Generalized (family history, purebreds, severe stress): good prognosis with treatment

45
Q

Older animals with demodicosis

A

(>1.5 years), generalise form
Often underlying immune deficiency, concurrent disease, reproductive stress (heat cycles)
Poor prognosis, difficult to treat (60-80% cure rate)

46
Q

How to treat demodicosis

A

Isoxazolines, moxidectin/imidacloprid, amitraz
Antibiotics, nutritional support, grooming
Do not use parent or pups for breeding

47
Q

Feline demodicosis

A

Rare
D.cati: eyelids, head, neck
Localized often resolves spontaneously
Generalized: check for underlying disease (FLV, FIV)
D.gatoi: pruritic, contagious
Often no underlying disease

48
Q

Diagnosis of mites

A

History and clinical appearance
Burrowing
-Multiple, deep skin scrapings +/- KOH digest
-Biopsy?
Surface
-Tape, comb, vacuum, hand lens, fecal (cats!)
Ear/nose
-Otoscopy, rhinoscopy and swab (mineral oil)

49
Q

How to treat mites

A

Macrocyclic lactones (oral, topical, parateneral)
Ivermectin, selamectin, moxidectin
Isoxazolines (oral)
Topical: lime sulfer dips, amitraz dips

50
Q
A

Parisitology (6 decks)

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