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Parisitology > Dogs and cats arthropods > Flashcards

Dogs and cats arthropods Flashcards

1
Q

Lice of dogs

A

Trichodectes canis- shewing
Lignoghathus setosus- sucking

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2
Q

Lice of cats

A

Felicola subrostratus-chewing

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3
Q

Life cycle of sucking louse

A

Entire life cycle on host
Eggs(nits)
Nymph
Adult- suck blood

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4
Q

Pathogenesis of pediculosis

A

No effects
Dermatitis- head and back
Pruritus (itchy) and hair loss
Anemia (sucking lice)
Pathogen transmission (rare)
I.e. dog chewing louse IH for Dipylidium caninum

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5
Q

Diagnosis of lice

A

Young, stressed pets
Older animals with concomitant dz
Clinical appearance
Direct observation
Lice or nits
Comb, tape +/- KOH digestion

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6
Q

What to treat for lice

A

Topical insecticides as shampoo, dips, spotons
Have to retreat in 1-2 weeks (nits resistant)
Many of these are unsafe for cats
Many oral and topical flea and tick control products work on lice, often as a single application
Selamectin, isoxazolines
Systemic treatments may work better on sucking lice then chewing lice
Address fomite/contact with other infected animals

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7
Q

Human lice

A

Sucking lice ONLY
Head, body, and pudic lice
Rarely may find on pets (not source!)
Dorsoventrally flattened, wingless, six legs, thick antennae, conical head
Have eyes animal lice do not

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8
Q

Fleas in cats and dogs

A

Ctenocephalides felis (CATS, DOGS >50 spp)
Ctenocephalides canis (dogs, wild canids)
Pulex spp. (and many other species)(birds, wildlife,s sometimes pets)
95% of fleas live as immature stages in the pets surroundings

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9
Q

Cat flea looks like

A

Flat head
Laterlly flattened
Wingless
Six legs
Combs (ctendia)

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10
Q

Dog flea looks like

A

Round head
Pronotal combs
Genal combs

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11
Q

Life cycle of flea

A

Pupae live for 4-5 months: environmentally resistant resevoir
Life cycle last at least 3 weeks
Adults on host
eggs in enviro
larvae in enviro
pupae in enviro

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12
Q

Pathogenesis of fleas

A

Anemia (rare, young animals)
Dermatitis
Flea-bite hypersensitivity (flea-bite allergic dermatitis, FAD)
Pathogen transmission
IH for dipylidium caninum
Bartonella henselae (cat scratch fever)
Rickettsia spp. (Yersinia pestis-plague)- rodent fleas

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13
Q

Flea-bite allergic dermatitis

A

Intense pruritus, but often can’t find a single flea
Ddx: other allergies, mange
Treat on suspicion with adulticide

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14
Q

Diagnosis of fleas

A

Direct examination/comb
Flea dirt
Intradermal testing for hyposensitivity

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15
Q

treatment for fleas

A

Many products are available for flea control
Most are excellent and work very quickly
Environmental (vacuum, sprays)

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16
Q

Life cycle of Cuterebra spp

A

Adult fly lays eggs around enterance to burrow in spring
Larvae (L1) enters through a natural opening (nose or wound) of passing dog or cat
Develops from l1-3 in SQ of host for 3-7 weeks
Pupae overwinters in environment
Grows to Adult

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17
Q

Health significance, diagnosis and treatment of Cuterebra

A

Generally little
Rarely, abscesses in SQ, brain
Diagnosis: swelling, breathing hole, larval emergence, seasonal timing (late summer, fall)
Rx: excise, do not crush-anaphylaxis!
Zoonosis rare: dermal and nasal

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18
Q

Family Ixodidae (hard ticks) sex’s are determined by

A

Sexual dimorphism obvious
Males: scutum over whole back
Females: anterior scutum
Scutum may be ornate
Festoons may be present

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19
Q

Ticks established in western canada

A

Dermacentor variabilis, american dog tick (AB, SK,MB)
D.andersoni, rocky mountain wood tick (BC, AB,SK)
Ixodes scapularis, eastern black legged tick (only southern MB-so far)
I.pacificus, western black legged tick (BC coast)
Wildlife ticks are occasionally found on pets

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20
Q

Pathogenesis of tick infestation (acariasis)

A

All ticks
Anemia
Dermatitis
Alopecia
Local bacterial infection of bites
Some sp.
Paralysis: salivary toxin of female tick
Alpha-gal syndrome (red meat allergy)
Pathogen transmission

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21
Q

Dermacentor variabilis is and can transmit

A

American dog tick
3 host tick
Potentially transmit
Rocky mountain spotted fever (rickettsia)
Tularemia (bacterium)
Ehrlichia canis (and other spp,; rickettsia)
Pathogen prevalence in western canada very low

22
Q

Dermacentor andersoni is and transmits

A

Rocky mountain wood tick
3 host tick
Transmits
Rocky mountain spotted fever (rickettsia)
Tularemia (bacteria)
Colorado tick fever (virus)
Tick paralysis in BC
Pathogen prevalence in western canada very low

23
Q

Types of ixodid ticks

A

ixodes scapularis (I.dammini)
I. pacificus
Eastern and western (respectively)
Deer tick/black legged ticks
3 host ticks
Anaplasma phagocytophilum
Borrelia burgdorferi (lyme disease)
Borrelia miyamotoi (relapsing fever)
Babesia microti
Ehrlichia muris
Francisella tularensis
Powassan virus

24
Q

Foreign ticks to watch for in canada

A

Rhipicephalus sanguineus, brown dog tick
Travel from US, europe, tropics
Amblyomma americanum, lone star tick
Travel from eastern USA (S.ON?)
Alpha gal syndrome in people
Cytauxzoon felis (protozoan, piroplasm) in cats
Amblyomma maculatum, gulf coast tick
Travel from south eastern USA
Hepatozoon americanum (protozoan, apicomplexan) in dogs

25
Rhipicephalus sanguineus is and can transmit
Brown dog tick 3 host tick- all hosts are dogs (rarely people) Rock mountain spotted fever (rickettsia) Ehrlichia canis (rickettsia) Babesia canis (piroplasmosis, protozoan) *not in Canada Introduced from warmer regions; kennels; houses
26
Diagnosis of ticks
Direct observation/clinical appearance Collect and store fresh, frozen or ethanol Identification to genus usually sufficient
27
Treatment of ticks
environmental/behavioural modification Manual removal (within 12-24 hours) Repellents: topical insecticides, collars Systemic: oral isoxazolines, topical selamectin Lyme testing and vaccination?
28
Lyme disease and dogs
A few dogs exposed in non endemic regions Many dogs exposed in endemic regions Exposure can be detected using 4dx test at least 6-8 weeks after tick bite 95% will never develop clinical signs
29
What might you see with dogs with lyme and when
At 2-5 months post exposure, may see Shifting lameness (arthritis), anorexia and low-grade fever Nephritis most common clinical sign Rarely neurological, cardiac, and ocular issues
30
Life cycle of mites
Adults lay eggs Larvae hatch-have six leggs Nymphs - devlope to 8 legs life cycel takes at least 10-21 days
31
Pathogenesis of mite acariasis
Range from no effects to severe dermatitis (mange) Hypersensitivity Excoriation and secondary bacterial infection
32
Surface mites of dogs and cats
Cheyletiella yasguri (dogs) C.blakei (cats) C. parasitivorax (rabbits, common) Zoonotic
33
Eat mites are and cause
Otodectes cynotis (CATS, dogs) 50% of otitis cases in cats is due to ear mites <10% of otitis cases in dogs due to ear mites Highly contagious, usually not zoonotic (transient)
34
Otodectes mites clinical signs
Pruritus Head shaking Behavioural disturbances (hypersensitivity) Worse in young and immunocompromised
35
Burrowing mites in cats and dogs
Sarcoptes sp.- canine scabies mite Notoedres sp. - feline scabies mite Demodex spp.- demodectic mange
36
Characteristics of sarcoptes
Highly contagious with other dogs, wild canids, transiently zoonotic (self resolving) Adults survive in cool, humid environments for up to 3 wks
37
Characteristics of Notoedres sp
Smaller than Sarcoptes Highly contagious among cats; transient zoonoses
38
Signs of sarcoptic mange
Hairless ares Ears, elbows, ventrum, tarsal Intense pruritus (HS) Erythema Crusts Hair loss, excoriation Hyperkeratosis +/- mites
39
Signs of Notoedres sp.- feline scabies
Ears Then face, slides +/- feet and perineum Intense pruritus Dey, crusty skin Hair loss, excoriation Hyperkeratosis Lymphadenopathy
40
Demodex spp are and how are they transmitted
Dog: D.canis Cat: D.cati, demodex sp. Not zoonotic, not contagious No environmental survival “Vertical” transmission; close contact with dam Live in hair follicles and sebaceous glands (squeeze!) Eight legs on thorax
41
Demodectic mange in dogs
Clinical presentations Most asymptomatic (normal fauna) Localized demodicosis Generalized demodicosis
42
Localized demodicosis is common in and signs
Young (3-18 months) Mouth Eye Forelegs Rarely ear canal Focal alopecia Silver scaling Not pruritic Self resolving: most cure within 1-2 mos
43
Generalized demodicosis is and c/s
Any age,better prognosis for young Starts face and limbs > or equal to 5 lesions Pustular form Folliculitis Hyperkeratosis Painful, not pruritic unless 2* bacteria Even sepsis, death
44
Demidicosis in young animals
(3-18 months) Localized: excellent prognosis, often self recovery Generalized (family history, purebreds, severe stress): good prognosis with treatment
45
Older animals with demodicosis
(>1.5 years), generalise form Often underlying immune deficiency, concurrent disease, reproductive stress (heat cycles) Poor prognosis, difficult to treat (60-80% cure rate)
46
How to treat demodicosis
Isoxazolines, moxidectin/imidacloprid, amitraz Antibiotics, nutritional support, grooming Do not use parent or pups for breeding
47
Feline demodicosis
Rare D.cati: eyelids, head, neck Localized often resolves spontaneously Generalized: check for underlying disease (FLV, FIV) D.gatoi: pruritic, contagious Often no underlying disease
48
Diagnosis of mites
History and clinical appearance Burrowing -Multiple, deep skin scrapings +/- KOH digest -Biopsy? Surface -Tape, comb, vacuum, hand lens, fecal (cats!) Ear/nose -Otoscopy, rhinoscopy and swab (mineral oil)
49
How to treat mites
Macrocyclic lactones (oral, topical, parateneral) Ivermectin, selamectin, moxidectin Isoxazolines (oral) Topical: lime sulfer dips, amitraz dips
50

Parisitology (12 decks)

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