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HTL > Pigments, Minerals, and Cytoplasmic Granules > Flashcards

Pigments, Minerals, and Cytoplasmic Granules Flashcards

1
Q

Incubating Prussian Blue solution contains

A

potassium ferrocyanide and dilute HCl

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2
Q

A method for the demonstration of argentaffin granules is the:

a. Fontana silver nitrate
b. Bloch dopa reaction
c. Bodian silver protein stain
d. Wilder silver stain

A

a

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3
Q

A stain used to demonstrate calcium is:

A

von Kossa silver nitrate

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4
Q

Which of the following pigments reduces silver?

a. carbon
b. formalin
c. hemosiderin
d. bile

A

formalin

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5
Q

What demonstrates urate crystals?

A

methenamine silver

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6
Q

A reducing or developing solution is used in which of the following techniques?

a. Schmorl
b. Fontana Masson
c. Hall
d. Churukian-Schenk

A

d. Churukian-Schenk

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7
Q

Rhodanine is used to demonstrate:

A

copper

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8
Q

An aid to the definite identification of anthracotic pigment is:

a. easy removal with saturated alcoholic pigment
b. demonstration with the Prussian blue reaction
c. insolubility in concentrated sulfuric acid
d. property of birefringence

A

c. insolubility in concentrated sulfuric acid

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9
Q

When the content of tissue to be studied by micro-incineration, the recommended fixative is:

A

formalin-alcohol

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10
Q

Argentaffin granules present in ells of the gastrointestinal tract are best preserved with:

A

10% NBF

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11
Q

The end product of the Prussian blue reaction is:

A

ferric ferrocyanide

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12
Q

The Turnball stain is used for the detection of:

A

ferrous iron

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13
Q

The end product of the Turnball reaction is:

A

potassium ferrous ferricyanide

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14
Q

Red cells are very eosinophilic because of the content of:

A

hemoglobin

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15
Q

Melanin can be demonstrated with

A

Schmorl techniques

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16
Q

The end product of the Schmorl reaction is:

A

Turnball blue

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17
Q

A good control for the Schmorl technique is a section of:

A

small intestine

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18
Q

The preferred fixative for the Churukian-Schenk technique is:

A

buffered formalin

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19
Q

A tissue control for the Fontana-Masson stain is:

A

skin

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20
Q

In the Hall technique, bilirubin is oxidized to biliverdin by:

A

Fouchet reagent

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21
Q

The Grimelius technique will demonstrate substances that can:

A

bind silver but need a chemical reducer

22
Q

The preferred fixative for the Grimelius technique is:

A

buffered formalin

23
Q

The preferred fixative for the Fontana Masson technique is:

A

buffered formalin

24
Q

Tissue that can be used as a control for the Grimelius technique:

A

small intestine

25
Q

The Churukian-Schenk technique will demonstrate substances that can:

A

bind silver but need a chemical reducer

26
Q

An argentaffin substance present in some tissues is:

a. iron
b. calcium
c. melanin
d. copper

A

melanin

27
Q

The control for the Hall stain must contain:

A

bile

28
Q

Polarized light is frequently used to demonstrate:

a. chromaffin granules
b. urate crystals
c. hemoglobin
d. tattoo pigment

A

b. urate crystals

29
Q

Which of the following is a good control for iron?

a. GI tract
b. kidney
c. spleen
d. heart

A

c. spleen

30
Q

Fouchet reagent is used for the demonstration of:

A

bile

31
Q

The preferred fixative for gouty tophus is:

A

Absolute alcohol

32
Q

The Fontana-Masson technique will demonstrate substances that can:

A

both bind and reduce silver

33
Q

Pigment lying on top of tissue is most likely:

a. endogenous
b. anthracotic
c. artifact
d. exogenous

A

artifact

34
Q

Polarized light can be used to assist in the identification of which of the following pigments?

a. anthracotic
b. hemosiderin
c. formalin
d. melanin

A

formalin

35
Q

Bile is stained emerald green in the method of:

A

Hall

36
Q

A good control for the Lindquist rhodanine technique is fetal:

A

liver

37
Q

A substance that can both binds and reduce silver is defined as

A

argentaffin

38
Q

The Schmorl technique demonstrates substances that are classified as

A

reducing

39
Q

Methenamine silver is often used in the demonstration of

A

urates

40
Q

Melanin present in tissue can be bleached with the use of

A

potassium permanganate

41
Q

Chromaffin granules are found in the cells of the

A

adrenal gland

42
Q

Which of the following is a breakdown product of hemoglobin?

a. melanin
b. ceroid
c. bile
d. lipofscin

A

c. bile

43
Q

Sections of bone marrow reveal no iron stores when stained with Prussian Blue. This is most likely an artifact due to:

a. decalcification with a strong acid
b. fixation with alcoholic formalin
c. fixation with Zenker containing 3% acetic acid
d. incubation in the staining solution for 1 hour

A

decalcification with a strong acid

44
Q

When viewed with a light microscope, a 5 micrometer paraffin section from tissue known to contain a gouty tophus fails to reveal any staining with the Gomori methenamine silver technique. To prevent this from happening in the future:

a. ensure fixation with absolute alcohol
b. cut the section and 10-12 micrometers
c. apply appropriate washing after fixation
d. use polarizing microscopy

A

ensure fixation with absolute alcohol (urates are soluble in aqueous fixatives)

45
Q

Sections of skin stained with Fontana-Masson show dark black melanosomes and dirty gray staining of both the squamous epithelium and collagen. This is most likely a result of:

a. poor staining with nuclear fast
b. prolonged incubation in the silver solution
c. extended application of gold chloride solution
d. the use of contaminated glassware

A

prolonged incubation in the silver solution

46
Q

A section of ileum stained with Fontana-Masson shows a marked black precipitate on top of the section. This could most likely be prevented in the future by:

a. using chemically cleaned glassware
b. increasing incubation time
c. omitting the use of a reducer
d. using the silver immediately after preperation

A

using chemically cleaned glassware

47
Q

A section of ileum stained with the Grimelius technique does not demonstrate any positively stained cells. This is most likely due to:

a. a lack of Paneth cells in the section
b. keeping the hydroquinone in the refrigerator
c. the use of old developer
d. overtoning of the section

A

the use of old developer - developer is a reducing solution that is necessary to reduce silver into its metallic form

48
Q

When viewed with the light microscope, a 5-micrometer paraffin section from tissue known to contain a gouty tophus fails to reveal any staining with methenamine silver. The presence of the tophus could be verified by examining the tissue with which kind of microscope?

A

Polarizing

49
Q

Control section stained with the Prussian blue reaction show diffuse blue staining, and the solution is also blue. One possible explanation is that the:

a. slides were incubated for 1 hour at room temp
b. control chose contains a soluble form of iron
c. staining jar was contaminated
d. section is too thick

A

staining jar was contaminated

50
Q

On x-ray, a breast biopsy revealed areas of microcalcification. Multiple sections of the paraffin embedded tissue stained with the H&E and von Kossa techniques fail to determine these areas. This would occur if the tissue was fixed in:

a. 10% NBF
b. Bouin solution
c. B- 5 solution
d. absolute alcohol

A

Bouin- acidic fixatives such a bouin will remove calcium

51
Q

Section of fetal liver were cut a 3 to 4 micrometers, stained with rhodanine for 18 hrs at 37C, and then counterstained with Mayer hematoxylin. Very little copper can be seen when the slides are examined. This is likely due to:

a. fetal liver is not a good control
b. the sections are too thin
c. the staining time was prolonged
d. the temp was elevated

A

the sections are too thin - should be cut at 6-8 micrometers

52
Q

In her clinical studies, a student has prepared Fouchet reagent with acetic acid and ferric chloride for the demonstration of bile. Microscopic examination of the stained slides reveals a negative result. This was because it should have bee prepared with:

A

ferric chloride and trichloroacetic acid

HTL (18 decks)

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