Pigments, Minerals, and Cytoplasmic Granules

Question 1

Incubating Prussian Blue solution contains

Answer 1

potassium ferrocyanide and dilute HCl

Question 2

A method for the demonstration of argentaffin granules is the:

a. Fontana silver nitrate
b. Bloch dopa reaction
c. Bodian silver protein stain
d. Wilder silver stain

Answer 2

a

Question 3

A stain used to demonstrate calcium is:

Answer 3

von Kossa silver nitrate

Question 4

Which of the following pigments reduces silver?

a. carbon
b. formalin
c. hemosiderin
d. bile

Answer 4

formalin

Question 5

What demonstrates urate crystals?

Answer 5

methenamine silver

Question 6

A reducing or developing solution is used in which of the following techniques?

a. Schmorl
b. Fontana Masson
c. Hall
d. Churukian-Schenk

Answer 6

d. Churukian-Schenk

Question 7

Rhodanine is used to demonstrate:

Answer 7

copper

Question 8

An aid to the definite identification of anthracotic pigment is:

a. easy removal with saturated alcoholic pigment
b. demonstration with the Prussian blue reaction
c. insolubility in concentrated sulfuric acid
d. property of birefringence

Answer 8

c. insolubility in concentrated sulfuric acid

Question 9

When the content of tissue to be studied by micro-incineration, the recommended fixative is:

Answer 9

formalin-alcohol

Question 10

Argentaffin granules present in ells of the gastrointestinal tract are best preserved with:

Answer 10

10% NBF

Question 11

The end product of the Prussian blue reaction is:

Answer 11

ferric ferrocyanide

Question 12

The Turnball stain is used for the detection of:

Answer 12

ferrous iron

Question 13

The end product of the Turnball reaction is:

Answer 13

potassium ferrous ferricyanide

Question 14

Red cells are very eosinophilic because of the content of:

Answer 14

hemoglobin

Question 15

Melanin can be demonstrated with

Answer 15

Schmorl techniques

Question 16

The end product of the Schmorl reaction is:

Answer 16

Turnball blue

Question 17

A good control for the Schmorl technique is a section of:

Answer 17

small intestine

Question 18

The preferred fixative for the Churukian-Schenk technique is:

Answer 18

buffered formalin

Question 19

A tissue control for the Fontana-Masson stain is:

Answer 19

skin

Question 20

In the Hall technique, bilirubin is oxidized to biliverdin by:

Answer 20

Fouchet reagent

Question 21

The Grimelius technique will demonstrate substances that can:

Answer 21

bind silver but need a chemical reducer

Question 22

The preferred fixative for the Grimelius technique is:

Answer 22

buffered formalin

Question 23

The preferred fixative for the Fontana Masson technique is:

Answer 23

buffered formalin

Question 24

Tissue that can be used as a control for the Grimelius technique:

Answer 24

small intestine

Question 25

The Churukian-Schenk technique will demonstrate substances that can:

Answer 25

bind silver but need a chemical reducer

Question 26

An argentaffin substance present in some tissues is: a. iron b. calcium c. melanin d. copper

Answer 26

melanin

Question 27

The control for the Hall stain must contain:

Answer 27

bile

Question 28

Polarized light is frequently used to demonstrate: a. chromaffin granules b. urate crystals c. hemoglobin d. tattoo pigment

Answer 28

b. urate crystals

Question 29

Which of the following is a good control for iron? a. GI tract b. kidney c. spleen d. heart

Answer 29

c. spleen

Question 30

Fouchet reagent is used for the demonstration of:

Answer 30

bile

Question 31

The preferred fixative for gouty tophus is:

Answer 31

Absolute alcohol

Question 32

The Fontana-Masson technique will demonstrate substances that can:

Answer 32

both bind and reduce silver

Question 33

Pigment lying on top of tissue is most likely: a. endogenous b. anthracotic c. artifact d. exogenous

Answer 33

artifact

Question 34

Polarized light can be used to assist in the identification of which of the following pigments? a. anthracotic b. hemosiderin c. formalin d. melanin

Answer 34

formalin

Question 35

Bile is stained emerald green in the method of:

Answer 35

Hall

Question 36

A good control for the Lindquist rhodanine technique is fetal:

Answer 36

liver

Question 37

A substance that can both binds and reduce silver is defined as

Answer 37

argentaffin

Question 38

The Schmorl technique demonstrates substances that are classified as

Answer 38

reducing

Question 39

Methenamine silver is often used in the demonstration of

Answer 39

urates

Question 40

Melanin present in tissue can be bleached with the use of

Answer 40

potassium permanganate

Question 41

Chromaffin granules are found in the cells of the

Answer 41

adrenal gland

Question 42

Which of the following is a breakdown product of hemoglobin? a. melanin b. ceroid c. bile d. lipofscin

Answer 42

c. bile

Question 43

Sections of bone marrow reveal no iron stores when stained with Prussian Blue. This is most likely an artifact due to: a. decalcification with a strong acid b. fixation with alcoholic formalin c. fixation with Zenker containing 3% acetic acid d. incubation in the staining solution for 1 hour

Answer 43

decalcification with a strong acid

Question 44

When viewed with a light microscope, a 5 micrometer paraffin section from tissue known to contain a gouty tophus fails to reveal any staining with the Gomori methenamine silver technique. To prevent this from happening in the future: a. ensure fixation with absolute alcohol b. cut the section and 10-12 micrometers c. apply appropriate washing after fixation d. use polarizing microscopy

Answer 44

ensure fixation with absolute alcohol (urates are soluble in aqueous fixatives)

Question 45

Sections of skin stained with Fontana-Masson show dark black melanosomes and dirty gray staining of both the squamous epithelium and collagen. This is most likely a result of: a. poor staining with nuclear fast b. prolonged incubation in the silver solution c. extended application of gold chloride solution d. the use of contaminated glassware

Answer 45

prolonged incubation in the silver solution

Question 46

A section of ileum stained with Fontana-Masson shows a marked black precipitate on top of the section. This could most likely be prevented in the future by: a. using chemically cleaned glassware b. increasing incubation time c. omitting the use of a reducer d. using the silver immediately after preperation

Answer 46

using chemically cleaned glassware

Question 47

A section of ileum stained with the Grimelius technique does not demonstrate any positively stained cells. This is most likely due to: a. a lack of Paneth cells in the section b. keeping the hydroquinone in the refrigerator c. the use of old developer d. overtoning of the section

Answer 47

the use of old developer - developer is a reducing solution that is necessary to reduce silver into its metallic form

Question 48

When viewed with the light microscope, a 5-micrometer paraffin section from tissue known to contain a gouty tophus fails to reveal any staining with methenamine silver. The presence of the tophus could be verified by examining the tissue with which kind of microscope?

Answer 48

Polarizing

Question 49

Control section stained with the Prussian blue reaction show diffuse blue staining, and the solution is also blue. One possible explanation is that the: a. slides were incubated for 1 hour at room temp b. control chose contains a soluble form of iron c. staining jar was contaminated d. section is too thick

Answer 49

staining jar was contaminated

Question 50

On x-ray, a breast biopsy revealed areas of microcalcification. Multiple sections of the paraffin embedded tissue stained with the H&E and von Kossa techniques fail to determine these areas. This would occur if the tissue was fixed in: a. 10% NBF b. Bouin solution c. B- 5 solution d. absolute alcohol

Answer 50

Bouin- acidic fixatives such a bouin will remove calcium

Question 51

Section of fetal liver were cut a 3 to 4 micrometers, stained with rhodanine for 18 hrs at 37C, and then counterstained with Mayer hematoxylin. Very little copper can be seen when the slides are examined. This is likely due to: a. fetal liver is not a good control b. the sections are too thin c. the staining time was prolonged d. the temp was elevated

Answer 51

the sections are too thin - should be cut at 6-8 micrometers

Question 52

In her clinical studies, a student has prepared Fouchet reagent with acetic acid and ferric chloride for the demonstration of bile. Microscopic examination of the stained slides reveals a negative result. This was because it should have bee prepared with:

Answer 52

ferric chloride and trichloroacetic acid