Nerve

Question 1

Nissl substance is present in…

Answer 1

neurons

Question 2

A neuron is a…

Answer 2

nerve cell

Question 3

Nissl substance is composed of..

Answer 3

rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 4

Nissl substance is demonstrated by which stain?

Answer 4

cresyl echt violet

Question 5

Astrocytes are demonstrated by which stain?

Answer 5

Cajal

Question 6

The preferred fixatives for sections to be stained with the Cajal technique is:

Answer 6

formalin ammonium bromide

Question 7

Sections to be stained for myelin should be cut at:

Answer 7

10-15 microns

Question 8

In the Holzer method, glial fibers are stained with:

Answer 8

crystal violet

Question 9

A method that can be used to demonstrate senile plaques is:

Answer 9

Bielschowsky

Question 10

Neuron cell bodies are primarily found in:

Answer 10

grey matter in the CNS

Question 11

Spinal cord is an excellent control for which of the following techniques:

a. Bielschowsky
b. Weil
c. Holzer
d. Bodian

Answer 11

Weil. Spinal cords are excellent for myelin stains, as it shows sharp differentiation b/w grey and white matter.

Question 12

The preferred fixative for the Bodian method is:

Answer 12

NBF

Question 13

Glial fibers are stained blue by:

Answer 13

phosphotungstic acid-hematoxylin (PTAH)

Question 14

Macroscopic evaluation can be used to judge the quality of which stains?

Answer 14

Weil and LFB. Myelin stains you can easily distinguish the different matters with the naked eye.

Question 15

Which two solutions are used for differentiation in the Weil procedure?

Answer 15

Ferric ammonium sulfate and borax ferricyanide

Question 16

Which reagents are contained in the staining solution used in the Weil method?

Answer 16

Ferric ammonium sulfate and hematoxylin

Question 17

Which methods are used for demonstrating nerve cell processes?

Answer 17

Bodian, Holmes, Bielschowsky, and Sevier Munger.

Question 18

T/F: Functionally, the autonomic nervous system is under voluntary control.

Answer 18

False.

Question 19

T/F: A neuron has 1 axon.

Answer 19

True. They have on axon but can have many dendrites.

Question 20

T/F: Nissl substance is composed of clumps of DNA.

Answer 20

False. Nissl substance is composed of rough endoplasmic reticulum which is RNA.

Question 21

T/F: In the central nervous system, myelin is made up by the astrocytes.

Answer 21

False. Myelin is made up of oligodendria.

Question 22

T/F: Ependymal cells are epithelial cells.

Answer 22

True.

Question 23

T/F: Myelin is responsible for the color of white matter.

Answer 23

True.

Question 24

Stains for the Nissl substance can be used to identify neurons in tumors.

Answer 24

True.

Question 25

T/F: A colorless background indicates a problem in the cresyl echt violet stain.

Answer 25

False. In a good cresyl echt violet stain, the background SHOULD be colorless.

Question 26

T/F: Peripheral nerve is a good control for bodian stain.

Answer 26

True. Peripheral nerve are presented longitudinally.

Question 27

T/F: Copper is used in the Bodian impregnation solution to increase the differentiation between neural and connective tissue.

Answer 27

True. Copper is used to destain connective tissue, which will help with the differentiation between these two.

Question 28

T/F: The Holmes technique is an argentaffin method.

Answer 28

False. It requires an external reducer, which makes it a argyrophil method.,

Question 29

T/F: Prolonged washing of sections stained with PTAH will enhance the red staining of certain tissue components.

Answer 29

False. Components will lose red-brown color when washed with alcohol.

Question 30

T/F: The Weil method uses both mordant and an oxidizer for the differentiation steps.

Answer 30

True. Ferric ammonium sulfate us differentiation with excess mordant differentiator and borax-ferricyanide is differentiation with an oxidizing agent.

Question 31

T/F: Luxol fast blue is a water-soluble dye.

Answer 31

False. It's alcohol soluble.

Question 32

T/F: Gray matter is practically colorless in a correctly performed LFB stain.

Answer 32

True.

Question 33

T/F: When used as a counterstain for LFB, cresyl echt violet must be used in an acid solution.

Answer 33

True. If not acidified, cresyl echt violet will stain the background as well as Nissl substance.

Question 34

T/F: When the LFB is combined with Holmes silver nitrate, both glial and myelin are demonstrated.

Answer 34

False. Nerve fibers and myelin are demonstrated.

Question 35

T/F: Aniline oil used in the Holzer technique is very toxic and rated by NIOSH as neoplastic.

Answer 35

True.

Question 36

Bodian stained section shows marked precipitation on the sections. This could be prevented by:

Answer 36

using chemically cleaned glassware bc its a silver stain.

Question 37

Bodian-stained section show light gray nerve fibers. One possible explanation is that the sections were left too long in:

Answer 37

oxalic acid. Must not be overtreated with this as it will ruin the silver proteinate reaction.

Question 38

Sections stained with PTAH show blue glial fibers, but the neurons are unstained. One possible cause is that:

Answer 38

The sections were washed for too long before clearing and mounting. The alcohol will removed the red-brown color is left in too long.

Question 39

Sections stained using the Holmes method show marked purple crystalline precipitate. This could be removed by:

Answer 39

straight aniline oil

Question 40

Well-stained sections show blue-black white matter and brown gray matter. This indicates that the sections were

Answer 40

inadequately treated with borax-ferricyanide (which is the differentiation step)

Question 41

LFB stained sections show dark blue gray matter and lighter blue white matter. This can most easily be corrected by:

Answer 41

continuing the differentiation step. Gray matter should be colorless.

Question 42

Sections stained with LFB-cresyl echt violet technique show bluish purple myelin and a diffuse rose-purple background. This is due to:

Answer 42

not acidifying the cresyl echt solution.

Question 43

Sections stained with LFB-Holmes silver nitrate show very pale blue myelin and gray axons. This is most likely due to:

Answer 43

the sections were cut too thin. (10-15 microns)